Blaz0ej S0trba, «hn#$w#$ of the Canticle», Vol. 85 (2004) 475-502
The term hn#$w#$ is revisited
primarily in the Canticle of Solomon. The most ancient translation –– "lily" ––
of this flower though questioned in recent decades is still widely used. The
LXX’s rendering kri/non is examined and found as the
best translation for the lexeme N#$w#$ –– meaning
"lotus" –– being an Egyptian loan word. This translation fits to the OT
references better than "lily". The textual employment of
hn#$w#$ in the poetry of the Canticle is a chief and commanding proof for
"lotus". The "lily" translation for both hn#$w#$
and kri/non for the majority of the OT cases is seen
as incorrect since it does not pay due attention to the literary and historical
context of the Canticle.
of the Canticle 495
hnvwv
she is ready to show outdoors the same sign of love which according
to the customs of ancient society would be hardly acceptable. Yet, it
seems to be assumed that everybody around would understand that
this is the most sublime and the most honest expression of her real
love. The two may not be despised. All in all, there is no doubt that the
kiss still remains a fundamental expression of love and the lips play a
fundamental role between the two affectionate hearts. So his lips
remain for her a symbol of the kiss, of the gesture of love for which
she longs from the beginning. The lips are a symbol of attraction
which she desires too (cf. 1,4). His lips are µynvwv. As her self-
presentation hnvwv was attractive for him (2,1-2), now his lips are
equated with µynvwv, attractive for her, 5,13.
What an extraordinary thing the flower of hnvwv/µynvwv must be
when it deserves such a high appreciation in such an important and
life-giving matter as love! I believe that the power of the expression
“his lips are µynvwv†does not rest either in colour or in scent only and
even less in form. The use of µynvwv conveys first and foremost the
unmistakable attraction of the lovers. This understanding may be
confirmed by the triple repetition of the formula of reciprocal
ownership, 2,16; 6,3; 7,11. It is striking that on the third occasion the
usual phrase “feeds among µynvwv†does not appear but rather the
decisive statement comes in the single monocolon, 7,11 (84). All three
times it comes from her mouth. Of course, for she never grows tired of
emphasising the importance of their mutual relationship. But here “his
desire†wtqwvt does not pervert the relationship as it was the case in
Gen 3,16 when her desire (Ëštqwvt) towards him turned to be an
occasion for him to rule over her (85). According to Cant 7,11 he
experiences the same desire and yearning towards her which turns out
to be an expression of reciprocal attraction. Consequently, what is
expressed in 7,11 is a climax of what was expressed in 2,16 and 6,3 by
the recurring phraseology.
2,16 6,3 7,11
wl ynaw yl ydwd yl ydwdw ydwdl yna wtqwvt yl[w ydwdl yna
-
µynvwvb h[rh µynvwvb h[rh
(84) W.G.E. Watson classifies this monocolon as containing the inner
parallelism like 2,10a; 2,10b; 7,4; 7,5a; 7,9b; cf. “Verse patternsâ€, 112.
(85) Cf. I.J. CAINION, “An Analogy of the Song of Songs and Genesisâ€, SJOT
4 (2000) 219-259.