Gustavo Martin, «Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse: A Functional Linguistic Approach to Mark 13», Vol. 90 (2009) 457-483
I will rely on insights from Halliday’s register theory to explain the Markan Jesus’ use of a functional variety of language I call procedural register. The identification of procedural register in the main section of the Olivet Discourse (vv. 5b-23) will be shown to reveal the rhetorical design of the discourse within a first temporal horizon, of direct relevance for the audience and addressing the disciples’ question (v. 4). The absence of procedural register in vv. 24-27 indicates the opening of a second horizon in the speech, lacking immediate impact for the audience and no longer addressing the disciples’ question.
Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse 459
Specifically, modern concerns for obtaining a clear chronology of
events, critical scholarship’s evolving assumptions as to what Jesus
could or could not have said, and, especially attempts to highlight or
deny the Markan Jesus’ “mistake†in allegedly predicting the Son of
Man’s coming within a generation of the speech, have severely
muddled the waters of exegesis and reduced visibility of Mark’s
careful shaping of this episode to a minimum.
Scholars have traditionally seen the Olivet Discourse as funda-
mentally different from the rest of Mark’s gospel. Pesh was most
emphatic in this regard: “Kapitel 13 passt nicht in den kunstvollen
Aufbau des Markusevangeliums! Das Kapitel fungiert als ein
selbständiger Teil …†(8). How exactly Mark 13 is different remains a
debated issue until today. Analyses of language and style, the state of
play of which has been recently summarized by Dyer (9) have helped to
identify and quantify lexical and syntactical items that are considered
frequent, rare, or unique in Mark 13. Yet, even in a recent study like
Dyer ’s the aim seems to be determining traditions behind Mark’s
composition, and these conclusions tend to get in the way of
appreciating Mark’s carefully crafted structure. Matters of genre have
also been the subject of intense debate, and this has a direct bearing on
the determination of a context of situation that mark would have
intended to address with his gospel. Is the discourse an example of
paraenesis (10)? Paraclesis (11)? Paraenetic eschatology (12)? Apologetic-
paraenetic-chatechetical material (13)? A Farewell discourse (14)?
Prophetic oracle (15)? Or perhaps a speech conforming to epideictic
rhetoric (16)? The number of different proposals suggests the genre does
(8) PESCH, Naherwartungen, 65.
(9) K.D. DYER, The Prophecy on the Mount (ITSCBS2; Bern 1998).
(10) V. BALABANSKI, Eschatology in the Making. Matthew, Mark and the
Didache (SNTS 97; Cambridge 1997) 100, argues that the speech is about
paraenesis, rather than about objective signs. For VORSTER (“Literary
Reflectionsâ€, The Interpretation, 281) the speech is written in paraenetic style.
WITHERINGTON (The Gospel, 445) speaks of a “paraenetic thrustâ€. W. L. LANE,
The Gospel Accordiang to Mark (NICNT; Grand Rapids, MI 1974) 336, suggests
a “paraenetic frameworkâ€.
(11) LANE, The Gospel, 446.
(12) BEASLEY-MURRAY, Last Days, 355.
(13) PESCH, Naherwartungen, 231.
(14) YARBRO COLLINS, Mark, 594; YARBRO COLLINS, “Apocalyptic Rhetoricâ€,
9. Against this view see WITHERINGTON, The Gospel, 342.
(15) YARBRO COLLINS, Mark, 594.
(16) BLACK, “An Orationâ€, 66-92.