Gustavo Martin, «Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse: A Functional Linguistic Approach to Mark 13», Vol. 90 (2009) 457-483
I will rely on insights from Halliday’s register theory to explain the Markan Jesus’ use of a functional variety of language I call procedural register. The identification of procedural register in the main section of the Olivet Discourse (vv. 5b-23) will be shown to reveal the rhetorical design of the discourse within a first temporal horizon, of direct relevance for the audience and addressing the disciples’ question (v. 4). The absence of procedural register in vv. 24-27 indicates the opening of a second horizon in the speech, lacking immediate impact for the audience and no longer addressing the disciples’ question.
Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse 463
Trocmé (26), Pesch (27) and others have speculated about the degree to
which the Little Apocalypse or Flugblatt sources remain discernible
throughout the major sections of our text. Those speculations aside, a
consensus is evident among some of the most influential works
concerning at least the most basic structure of the speech as we have it,
namely, verses 5b-23; 24-27; 28-37 (28). The clear and emphatic
colophon at v. 23 (uJmei'" de; blevpete proeivrhka uJmi'n pavnta), the sharply
different style of the material in vv. 24-27, and the sapiential style of
the final section containing a parable and a simile, have not been
missed by most scholars. Other structural elements that have often
been discussed are the two references to false prophets / false christs
that form an inclusio at the beginning and end of the first section (5b-
23), the high number of imperatives, the temporal references etc.
Several proposals regarding “structural keys†to the entire speech
have been made. Of these, the following are worth noting here.
Balabanski has seen the unusually high number of imperatives in the
speech, blevpete in particular, as the structural key (29). Thus also
Lane (30). Pesch has noticed that the o{tan clauses in vv. 7 and 14
“..markieren deutliche Einsätze innerhalb des Aufbaus der Rede†(31).
Mateos sees that these clauses appear in both the question as well as
distributed throughout the speech, and are therefore, “marcas
estructurantes primarias†(32). My own proposal for the structure will
explain how both these elements, together with choices from the
transitivity network of Greek, are combined by Mark in an unusual
register, a functional variety of language, not used by him anywhere
(26) TROCMÉ (L’Évangile, 322-223) sees the “petite apocalypse chrétienne†in
vv. 7-8.14-20. 24-27.
(27) For PESCH (Naherwartungen, 65) the structure of the speech is based on
the apocalyptic Vorlage plus paraenetic material.
(28) Thus V. TAYLOR, The Gospel According to Saint Mark (London 1952)
499-500, though seeing some sub-divisions; PESCH, Naherwartungen, 65;
HOOKER, Mark, 300-301 — with some sub-divisions; LAMBRECHT, Die Redaktion,
286; BEASLEY MURRAY, Last Days, 365. More recently, though with subdivisions
in the first section indicating “stages†(YARBRO COLLINS, Mark, 613). YARBRO
COLLINS (Mark, 614-615) speaks of the first section as indicating stages of “the
end timeâ€, being the third stage. VILLOTA HERRERO, Palabras, 25-31.
(29) BALABANSKI, Eschatology, 72-74.
(30) “The discourse is actually structured and sustained by the nineteen
imperatives…â€, LANE, The Gospel, 446.
(31) PESCH, Naherwartungen, 78.
(32) J. MATEOS, Marcos 13. El grupo cristiano en la historia (Lectura del
Nuevo Testamento 5; Madrid 1987) 146.