Gustavo Martin, «Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse: A Functional Linguistic Approach to Mark 13», Vol. 90 (2009) 457-483
I will rely on insights from Halliday’s register theory to explain the Markan Jesus’ use of a functional variety of language I call procedural register. The identification of procedural register in the main section of the Olivet Discourse (vv. 5b-23) will be shown to reveal the rhetorical design of the discourse within a first temporal horizon, of direct relevance for the audience and addressing the disciples’ question (v. 4). The absence of procedural register in vv. 24-27 indicates the opening of a second horizon in the speech, lacking immediate impact for the audience and no longer addressing the disciples’ question.
464 Gustavo Martin
else in his gospel. This unusual register, a combination of paraenesis
and procedural styles, is used by the Markan Jesus to discuss road signs
in the near future of his audience, together with the required
interpretation and reaction to these road signs. I will show how this
register is evident in the language of vv. 5b-23, which includes the
discourse peak and specific answer to the disciples’ question, and in the
parable of vv. 28-29, but completely absent from vv 24-27. The final
section of the speech and the episode as a whole, vv. 28-37 will be
shown to be an interpretive key summarizing and distinguishing two
distinct temporal horizons and associated required behaviors. We shall
then be in a position to appreciate how this speech is “the most
coherent of all those attributed to Jesus in Mark†(33). Once the structure
and rhetorical arrangement of Mark’s Olivet Discourse are set forth, I
will briefly compare them with the parallel passage in Matthew 24 and
suggest some conclusions regarding context of situation and dating.
1. Narrative Setting: vv. 1-5a
The presence of verbs of movement and the change of localization
of v. 1 is characteristic of Markan structuring and indicates the
beginning of a new section. The new section starting in 14,1 is signaled
by a temporal shift and the re-introduction of characters not mentioned
in chapter 13. As I will show below, the speech includes two emphatic
colophons, one of which is placed at the very end (v. 37) and clearly
marks the end of the discourse.
The portrayal of the disciples in Mark is another of the perceived
keys to Mark’s overall rhetorical structure in his gospel. This portrayal
of the twelve becomes progressively more negative as the narrative
advances (34). But, what about Mark 13? Mateos has noted that in the
narrative setting section (vv. 1-5a), Jesus is alone described as exiting
the temple (v. 1: Kai; ejkporeuomevnou aujtou' ejk tou' iJerou' levgei aujtw'/
ei|" tw'n maqhtw'n aujtou') which is, in his view, an intentional Markan
construction showing that while Jesus has left the Jewish institution,
(33) YARBRO COLLINS, Mark, 594.
(34) T.J. WEEDEN, “The Heresy that Necessitated Mark’s Gospelâ€, The
Interpretation of Mark (ed. W.R. TELFORD) (Philadelphia, PA 1985) 90-91, argues
for a progression of the negative portrayal of the disciples. See also in the same
volume R.C. TANNEHILL, “The Disciples in Markâ€, 169-195; D. RHOADS – J.
DEWEY – D. MICHIE (eds.), Mark as Story (Minneapolis, MN 1999) 90-94; 122-
129. See also J. MATEOS, Los “Doce†y Otros Seguidores de Jesús en el Evangelio
de Marcos (Madrid 1982).