Gustavo Martin, «Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse: A Functional Linguistic Approach to Mark 13», Vol. 90 (2009) 457-483
I will rely on insights from Halliday’s register theory to explain the Markan Jesus’ use of a functional variety of language I call procedural register. The identification of procedural register in the main section of the Olivet Discourse (vv. 5b-23) will be shown to reveal the rhetorical design of the discourse within a first temporal horizon, of direct relevance for the audience and addressing the disciples’ question (v. 4). The absence of procedural register in vv. 24-27 indicates the opening of a second horizon in the speech, lacking immediate impact for the audience and no longer addressing the disciples’ question.
470 Gustavo Martin
which starts powerfully in v. 14 with the most emphatic o{tan plus
imperatives set, expressed in the “when x then y†construction,
appearing only twice in the entire gospel. There are no more references
to tevlo" in Mark 13, or in the remainder of the gospel (45). In light of
this, and the complete change in register and subject matter that begins
in v. 24, it seems clear that “the end†cannot refer to anything after v.
23. Indeed, the two instances of tevlo" are pointing forward to the
answer to the disciples’ question (tiv to; shmei'on o{tan mevllh/ tau'ta
sunteleisqai), an answer that is finally complete with v. 14-16. Pesch
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and Geddert have both failed to see that, as is to be expected from the
question asked, this section is the discussion of a set of road signs
(when x do y) leading up to and climaxing in a concrete event in the
near future of his audience. In fact, the only end in view in this section
of the speech is that of the temple, as predicted by Jesus in v. 2.
As we will see below, Mark 13,27 contains the only ergative clause
with the Son of Man as agent in the entire gospel: ejisunavxei tou;"
ejklektou;" aujtou, a clause edited by Matthew to make the angels the
agent (46). In stark contrast with the grammatical role assigned to the Son
of Man in 13,27 is the role assigned to the audience of Jesus in vv. 5b-
23. The audience is addressed by means of second person plural verbs
and pronouns, most often appearing in the direct or indirect object slot,
or as subjects of passive verbs or of imperatives pronounced by Jesus or
by the false prophets (v. 21 i[de w|de oJ Cristov")(47). The “you†subject
(45) Besides the two instances in Mark 13, there is only one additional instance
in 3,26: kai; eij oJ satana'" ajnevsth ejfΔ eJauto;n kai; ejmerivsqh ouj duvnatai sth'nai
ajlla; tevlo" e[cei.
(46) Cf. Matt 24,31: kai; ejpisunavxousin tou;" ejkklektou'" aujtou' with the
angels as subject. The clause in Mark 13,26, with the Son of Man as agent of a
material process, is in contrast especially with the Son of Man clauses of Mark 8-
11. The depiction of the Son of Man as a patient sufferer which begins in 8,31,
reaches a climax in the third passion prediction (10,33-34) as Mark piles on 7
verbs with the Son of Man on the receiving end of the actions of his enemies:
paradoqhvsetai…katakrinou'sin aujto;n qanavtw/ kai; paradwvsousin auvto;n…
ejmpaivxousin aujtw/' kai; ejmptuvsousin aujtw/' kai; mastigwvsousin aujtovn kai;
apoktenousin.
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(47) “You†as subject of imperatives in vv. 5b-23, note especially those with
explicit subject, and one imperative issued by the false prophets. blevpete" mh;
qrosisqe, blepete de; ujmei'" e Ôautouv", mh; promerimna'te, laleite, proseucesqe, ide
v ' v [
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w\de oJ cristov", mh; pisteuvete, uJmei'" de; blevpete (9). “You†as object (direct or
indirect) or as passive subject in vv. 5b-23: mhv ti" uJma'" planhvsh/, paradwvsousin
uJma'", darhvsesqe, ejpi; hJgemovnwn kai; basilevwn staqhvsesqe, o{tan a[gwsin uJma'",
paradidovnte", o} ejavn doqh'/ uJmi'n, e[sesqe misouvmenoi, ejavn ti" uJmi'n ei[ph/, proeivrhka
umin pavnta (10).
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