Gustavo Martin, «Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse: A Functional Linguistic Approach to Mark 13», Vol. 90 (2009) 457-483
I will rely on insights from Halliday’s register theory to explain the Markan Jesus’ use of a functional variety of language I call procedural register. The identification of procedural register in the main section of the Olivet Discourse (vv. 5b-23) will be shown to reveal the rhetorical design of the discourse within a first temporal horizon, of direct relevance for the audience and addressing the disciples’ question (v. 4). The absence of procedural register in vv. 24-27 indicates the opening of a second horizon in the speech, lacking immediate impact for the audience and no longer addressing the disciples’ question.
Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse 473
Septuagintal allusions†(52), appears to be a poetic transition passage,
written in language taken directly from a large, familiar stock of
eschatological material, which includes Isaiah 13,10 (LXX): kai;
skotisqhvsetai tou' hJlivou ajnatevllonto", kai; hJ selhvnh ouj dwvsei to;
fw'" aujth'". In Isaiah 13 the context is the day of the Lord coming with
judgment against Babylon and the nations, as well as sinful humanity
as a whole (13,11). I concur with Wright in seeing this language as
symbolic, and conveying the message that what follows is of “earth-
shattering†significance (53). I differ from Wright, France (54) and
Hatina (55) in that I see in this section (vv. 24-27) a new temporal
horizon in the speech, its only connection with the previous material
being that it is God who ultimately drives the events depicted in both.
The previous section, vv. 5b-23 is the rhetorical core of the speech. It
contains the answer to the disciples’ question regarding the temple’s
demise, delivered in a crescendo fashion of increasing immediacy and
relevance until the final road sign is given by means of the attention-
catching formula “when x then y†(vv. 14-23). In the colophon of v. 23,
the Markan Jesus wraps up the procedural-paraenetic section, and, in
contrast to those who might be deceived, concludes: “But as for you,
watch out, for I have told you all thingsâ€. With this colophon, the
Markan Jesus concludes his answer to the disciples’ question, and the
subject of the temple’s destruction is now closed.
Starting with v. 24, hearers of the speech cannot miss the change in
setting. The immediacy, the urgency and direct relevance for “you†of
the earlier section are gone. In fact, in contrast to the concreteness of
“youâ€, as the object of most clauses in the previous section, the object
of the Son of Man’s gathering are the elect “out of the four winds, from
the end of the earth to the end of heaven (v. 27). A new act in the
unfolding drama has begun, in which there is no longer a need to watch
out. Further, there are no imperatives and no temporal references other
than the double tovte of “and then they will see…†(v. 26) and “and then
he will send his angels†(v. 27), which communicate indeterminacy in
the future, in contrast to the specificity of the o{tan + second person
plural imperatives or o{tan plus tovte of the previous section. Without
(52) DYER, The Prophecy, 267.
(53) N.T. WRIGHT, Jesus and the Victory of God. II: Christian Origins and the
Question of God (Minneapolis, MN 1996) 362.
(54) FRANCE, The Gospel, 530.
(55) T.R. HATINA, “The Focus of Mark 13,24-27: The Parousia, or the
Destruction of the Temple?â€, BBR 6 (1996) 43-66.