Gustavo Martin, «Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse: A Functional Linguistic Approach to Mark 13», Vol. 90 (2009) 457-483
I will rely on insights from Halliday’s register theory to explain the Markan Jesus’ use of a functional variety of language I call procedural register. The identification of procedural register in the main section of the Olivet Discourse (vv. 5b-23) will be shown to reveal the rhetorical design of the discourse within a first temporal horizon, of direct relevance for the audience and addressing the disciples’ question (v. 4). The absence of procedural register in vv. 24-27 indicates the opening of a second horizon in the speech, lacking immediate impact for the audience and no longer addressing the disciples’ question.
Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse 475
view, however, the Markan Jesus, identified with the Son of Man at
various points in the gospel, has no need to ascend to heaven to receive
dominion. In Mark, Jesus has already been connected with the clouds,
the realm of God, in two key moments in the gospel, namely, the
baptism (1,9-11) and the transfiguration (9,2-13). In the former, the
heavens are rent, and a voice is heard from heaven saying “you are my
beloved son.†As Witherington has argued, the words used in Mark
1:11 are reminiscent of enthronement language (Ps 2,7; Isa 42,1), and
suggest Jesus is being enthroned by God as king at the outset of his
ministry (60). In 9,2-13, as Jesus is transfigured on the mountain before
Peter, James and John, a cloud overshadows them, and the familiar
voice is heard again “this is my beloved son, listen to him.†Unlike
Daniel 7,13ff, Mark 13,24-27 includes no references to God or the
Ancient of Days before whom vna rbk (MT) / wJ" uiJo;" ajnqrwvpou
(LXX) appears. Secondly the context in Daniel is judgment (e.g. v.
7,26), but in Mark 13,24-27 there is no mention of judgment, but only
of coming with glory and power, and gathering of the elect from the
end of the earth to the end of heaven. In our passage, the Son of Man is
seen by “theyâ€, presumably human beings, as he advances in the
clouds in order to gather his elect from the whole earth. Thus, not only
those who see his coming, but the beneficiaries of that coming, his
elect, are people located on earth.
In addition to what we gather from the immediate context, Scott
shed some light on the issue with an insightful and influential
discussion of clause structure in the Aramaic and LXX / Theod. Greek
vis-Ã -vis the Greek of Mark 13,26 (61). Scott pointed out that in the MT
of Daniel 7,13b, as well as in the OG and Theod. Greek versions, the
clause “in (or upon or with) the clouds of heaven†was most likely not
qualifying adverbially the manner of coming of “one like a son of man,â€
but was merely setting the scene, continuing from vv. 9-10. That is, the
supposed adverbial phrase “with the clouds of heaven,†would merely
indicate the locale of God’s throne and abode, as similar phrases do in
however, seems to interpret the direction as downward, but only metaphorically,
as the Son of Man is seen to be directly associated with the judgment and destruc-
tion of the temple. The natural reading of the Markan text iself, however, leads us
to conclude that the moving is in fact downward. Thus HOOKER, Mark, 319.
(60) WITHERINGTON, The Gospel, 50.
(61) R.B.Y. SCOTT, “Behond He Cometh with Cloudsâ€, NTS 5 (1955-1956)
127-132. See also N. PERRIN, “Mark XIV.62: The End Product of a Christian
Pesher Tradition?â€, NTS 12 (1966) 150-155.