Gustavo Martin, «Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse: A Functional Linguistic Approach to Mark 13», Vol. 90 (2009) 457-483
I will rely on insights from Halliday’s register theory to explain the Markan Jesus’ use of a functional variety of language I call procedural register. The identification of procedural register in the main section of the Olivet Discourse (vv. 5b-23) will be shown to reveal the rhetorical design of the discourse within a first temporal horizon, of direct relevance for the audience and addressing the disciples’ question (v. 4). The absence of procedural register in vv. 24-27 indicates the opening of a second horizon in the speech, lacking immediate impact for the audience and no longer addressing the disciples’ question.
Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse 477
tion which could be inferred for “you will seeâ€, in he trial scene is
completely absent in vv. 24-27, a fact noted by many (67). The third
person plural o[yontai is more likely an instance of the impersonal
plural in place of a passive form, a feature long recognized as characte-
ristic of Markan redactional style (68). Interestingly, France shares this
interpretation, and is thus forced to suggest that what is seen by
humans on earth are the “consequences†of the Son of Man’s heavenly
enthronement (69). As expected with other examples of the impersonal
plural subject in Mark, Matthew supplies the explicit subject in his
parallel passage by inserting pa'sai aiJ fulai; th'" gh'" in 24,30.
In order to understand Mark’s usage of o[yontai we must take into
account the thematic importance of verbs of seeing in the gospel as a
whole, and in the Olivet Discourse in particular. Geddert’s work
brought to scholarly attention the consistent, “technical†use of blevpw
in Mark, every usage of which “appears intended by the author to
contribute to a carefully devised call for discernment ...†(70).
Unfortunately, Geddert fails to include oJravw in his analysis, and only
makes a passing reference to it in his brief discussion of 13,26. In fact,
of the 15 instances of blevpw in Mark, none are future forms, and future
words of warning are motivated by Peter’s refusal to accept the way of the cross.
Thus Peter is in fact part of “this sinful and adulterous generationâ€. Rather than
conflating the three Markan references to the coming of the Son of Man to argue a
uniform meaning for all of them (judgment), taking each in its own context seems
more productive and less likely to result in strained interpretations. TAYLOR (The
Gospel, 569) suggests that in 14,62, the combination of Psalm 110,1 and Daniel
7,13 shows that “the emphasis lies on enthronementâ€. I would argue that in
chapter 8 Mark suggests a separate “snapshot†of the same event, taken from the
angle of judgment, while in 13,26 what is highlighted is salvation and vindication
of those same disciples who were told to experience suffering in their near future.
(67) BEASLEY-MURRAY (Last Days, 430) notes that theophany can involve
judgment or salvation, but “By accident or design, however, the discourse is silent
on the latter aspectâ€. Thus also YARBRO COLLINS, Mark, 614. Characteristically,
GEDDERT (Watchwords, 227) believes judgment is neither unambiguously
excluded nor unambiguously included, and — for him — Mark has made the
speech intentionally ambiguous.
(68) See C.H. TURNER, “Markan Usage: Notes, Critical and Exegetical on the
Secong Gospelâ€, The Language and Style of he Gospel of Mark. An Edition of C.
H. Turner’s ‘Notes on Marcan Usage’ together with Other Comparable Studies
(ed. J.K. ELLIOTT) (NTS 71; Leiden 1993) 4; TAYLOR, The Gospel, 47. FRANCE
(The Gospel, 535) also believes this to be an instance of Mark’s impersonal plural
usage.
(69) FRANCE, The Gospel, 535.
(70) GEDDERT, Watchwords, 60.