Gustavo Martin, «Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse: A Functional Linguistic Approach to Mark 13», Vol. 90 (2009) 457-483
I will rely on insights from Halliday’s register theory to explain the Markan Jesus’ use of a functional variety of language I call procedural register. The identification of procedural register in the main section of the Olivet Discourse (vv. 5b-23) will be shown to reveal the rhetorical design of the discourse within a first temporal horizon, of direct relevance for the audience and addressing the disciples’ question (v. 4). The absence of procedural register in vv. 24-27 indicates the opening of a second horizon in the speech, lacking immediate impact for the audience and no longer addressing the disciples’ question.
Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse 479
A detailed analysis reveals that this material is in highly cohesive
with the rest of Mark 13, shares many of the fundamental structuring
elements we have discussed above, and provides an interpretation of
the oration by means of two complementary parables and their
explanatiory material. I side with Hooker, Mateos, Yarbro Collins, and
the UBS Greek text (73) against the NA27, Beasley-Murray, Lambrecht
Villota Herrero (74) and others, in seeing two distinct sections and not
three in vv. 28-37, as follows:
Parable about knowing: ΔApo; de; th'" such'" mavqete th;n parabolhvn (vv.
28-31)
Parable about not knowing: Peri; de; th'" hJmevra" ejkeivnh" h[ th'" w{ra"
oujdei;" oi\den (vv. 32-37).
As Mateos points out, ΔApo; de; th'" such'" (v. 28a) and Peri; de; th'"
hJmevra" ejkeivnh" (v. 32) are parallel constructions, each starting a new
sub-section (75). In v. 28, Jesus picks up again the procedural style of
o{tan clauses plus imperatives to remind his audience of the final road
sign detailed in vv. 14-23, given in answer to the request of the
disciples for a sign that will signal when “all these things will be
fulfilledâ€. The parable of the fig tree contains a o{tan (when you see...)
clause followed by the knowledge which results from the seeing: “You
know that summer is nearâ€. In v. 29 Jesus gives the application of the
parable to the lives of the disciples: “In this way also, when you see all
these things happening, know that it (or he) is near, even at the
gateâ€(76). The two o{tan clauses connect audience and readers to similar
clauses in vv. 7, 11, and 14, and to the question of v. 4, and convey
specific guidance in procedural register, the language of road signs,
their correct interpretation and associated behavior. V. 31, prefaced by
the formulaic ΔAmh;n levgw uJmi'n (12x in Mark) is Jesus’ emphatic
promise that this generation will not pass until tau'ta pavnta are
fulfilled. As I detailed in my discussion of vv. 5b-23, pavnta and tau'ta
pavnta are anaphoric, point back to the “all these things†(tau'ta
(73) HOOKER, The Gospel, 320-325; MATEOS, Marcos 13, 157-158; YARBRO
COLLINS (Mark, 615) correctly sees in vv. 28-31 “an argument supporting
imminent expectationâ€.
(74) BEASLEY-MURRAY (Jesus and the Last Days, 449) suggests that vv. 30-32
belong together. LAMBRECHT (Die Redaktion, 286, 291-292) also separates vv. 30,
31 from 28-29. VILLOTA HERRERO (Palabras, 31-33) places vv. 30-32 together.
(75) MATEOS, Marcos 13, 158.
(76) YARBRO COLLINS (Mark, 616) has failed to see the two options are
possible in ejstivn. In any case “he†may still refer back to v. 14, as the participle
eJsthkovta o{pou ouj dei' is masculine!