Gustavo Martin, «Procedural Register in the Olivet Discourse: A Functional Linguistic Approach to Mark 13», Vol. 90 (2009) 457-483
I will rely on insights from Halliday’s register theory to explain the Markan Jesus’ use of a functional variety of language I call procedural register. The identification of procedural register in the main section of the Olivet Discourse (vv. 5b-23) will be shown to reveal the rhetorical design of the discourse within a first temporal horizon, of direct relevance for the audience and addressing the disciples’ question (v. 4). The absence of procedural register in vv. 24-27 indicates the opening of a second horizon in the speech, lacking immediate impact for the audience and no longer addressing the disciples’ question.
480 Gustavo Martin
suntelei'sqai pavnta) of the disciples’ question in v. 4, and refer, as the
question did, to the destruction of the temple. V. 31b merely reinforces
and elaborates on the ΔAmh;n levgw uJmi'n of v. 30, and is in stark contrast
to the words of the deceivers, the false prophets and false christs of vv.
6, 21-22: oiJ de; lovgoi mou ouj mh; pareleuvsontai). There can be little
doubt that v. 29 refers back to v. 14:
â€Otan dev i[dhte to; bdevlugma th'" ejrhmwvsew" … tovte oiJ ejn th/' ΔIoudaiva/
feuevtwsan eij" ta; o[rh (v. 14).
â€Otan i[dhte tau'ta ginovmena, ginwvskete o{ti ejgguv" ejstin ejti; quvrai"
(v. 29).
In contrast to the complex event referred to in v. 29 as tau'ta
pavnta, which will certainly be fulfilled within the lifespan of
Jesus’audience (77) is another event, for which no signs are available
and the timing of which is unknown. “But regarding that day or that
hour, no one knows….†(v. 32). These words begin a new sub-section
which includes its own “parable†and associated paraenesis, but is
devoid of o{tan clauses. The only references to time in these 6 verses
are expressed in negative terms: oujdei;" oi\den (v. 32) …oujk oi[date ga;r
povte oJ kairov" ejstin (v. 33) … ou\n: oujk oi[date ga;r povte oJ kuvrio" th'"
oijkiva" e[rcetai (v. 35). In this second sub-section, the simile illustrates
not knowing when “the time†is, and having, therefore, to remain alert
at all times (v. 33). The noun kairov" appears 5 times in Mark, and its
usage seems to denote specific, right, or even climactic time (78). “This
is like — continues the Markan Jesus — a man who, having left his
house, went away on a journey. He gave each of his servants charge of
his work, and he commanded the gate keeper to remain watchingâ€. In
the final verse, and colophon of the entire speech, the Markan Jesus
widens his potential audience to include all disciples (“I say to allâ€).
For readers and listening audience alike, the coming lord of the
household is identified with the coming Son of Man of v. 26, whose
coming is likewise predicted in an indeterminate future.
The 4 imperatives in this subsection: Blevpete" ajgrupnei'te (v. 33,
agrupneite here qualifies Blevpete); grhgorei'te (v. 35) and grhgorei'te
j '
(77) This is the natural sense of hJ genea; au{th, though alternative views
abound, many motivated by a desire to save the Markan Jesus from an obvious
mistake, that is, the alleged prediction of the parousia within a generation of his
audience. I have shown that these words, together with the rest of the sub-section
made up of vv. 28-31, refer to the destruction of the temple, and not the Son of
Man’s coming as described in vv. 26-27.
(78) Thus in Mark 1,15; 11,13; 12,2. Perhaps less so in 10,30.