224 MARK JENNINGS Mark alone in the fourfold tradition has the cock crowing twice. The second evangelist also specifies that the cock will crow both “today” and “this very night” 54. Mark also records a rebuttal from Peter. John records this as an “Amen, amen” saying of Jesus, one of 25 in the Fourth Gospel 55. John alone stipulates that the denials will take place before the next cockcrow. Although John does not contain the rebuttal by Peter found in Mark (and Matt), he does report Peter’s willingness to “lay down his life” prior to Jesus’ prediction 56. The language here is almost certainly Johannine 57. While there are obvious similarities in content, the differences between Mark and John are significant. As Brown notes, if John knew Mark, he has changed the Mount of Olives to “across the Kidron valley” (18,1); has placed the scandal motif in the context of the Final Discourse (16,1) and the scattering motif in 16,32; has changed “after my resurrection ... go before you” to “follow me later” in 13,33.36; and placed the Peter prediction in the Final Dis- course and reworded it. Brown argues from this evidence that John did not use Mark, but both drew on a similar early tradition 58. While it is difficult to draw any conclusions, Schnackenburg concludes that the fourth evangelist “clearly” made use of a tradi- tion related to Luke 59. However, it is clear that there are some close similarities between the formulation of the prediction in both the Markan and Johannine accounts (noted above) 60. Further, agree- ments between Luke and John do not negate the possibility that agreements between Matthew and John are not noted as it is assumed they are attributable to Matthew’s use of Mark. Possibly Matthew and Luke have simplified this in their accounts 54 (BROWN, Death of Messiah, 136) The ἀµήν is always doubled in John. It seems that in all the gospels, 55 ἀµήν adds a sense of solemnity to what follows (BROWN, Death of Messiah, 137). Luke 22,33 also has Peter indicate his willingness to go to “prison or 56 death”. SCHNACKENBURG, John, III, 55. 57 BROWN, Death of the Messiah, 143. However, this would not negate the 58 overall thesis that John knew Mark. Luke knew and used Mark, yet the second evangelist differs sharply from Mark at this very point, perhaps utilising an- other tradition. SCHNACKENBURG, John, III, 56. 59 It could be argued that, apart from the use of πρίν, John’s formulation 60 more closely resembles Mark than Luke. © Gregorian Biblical Press 2013 - Tutti i diritti riservati