Josaphat C. Tam, «When Papyri and Codices Speak: Revisiting John 2,23-25.», Vol. 95 (2014) 570-588
This paper revisits the role of John 2,23-25 in its literary and manuscript context. Contrary to many Johannine commentators who take it as an introduction to the Nicodemus pericope, 2,23-25 should be linked more to the preceding context, not the following. This view is supported by evidence from the sense-unit delimitations observed in the Greek papyri and codices dated within ca. 300 years from the New Testament era. Viewed from a narrative perspective, 2,23-25 should be seen as an anticlimactic concluding remark connected to 1,35 – 2,22.
005_Tam_co_570-588 13/02/15 12:48 Pagina 581
WHEN PAPYRI AND CODICES SPEAK: REVISITING JOHN 2,23-25 581
From the above table, two conclusions can be drawn.
First of all, there is always a relative difference in the degree of
breaks between 2,22-23 and 2,25-3,1. There is not a single manu-
script showing that the breaks used in these two locations are com-
pletely equal. This means that 2,23-25 never existed as a discrete
sense-unit comparable to the preceding or the following pericope;
it is always a unit closely linked to either its preceding context or
following context. Such delimitation appears to require the readers’
judgment that takes 2,23-25 as more than something merely
transitional (by contrast, for the transitional statement in 2,12, the
textual evidence from these selected manuscripts is apparently
more ambiguous and divided).
Secondly, with the exception of î66, which has a new paragraph
at 2,23 and not 3,1, the rest of the earliest available textual witnesses
(î75, a, A, B, and W) all show otherwise: 3,1 represents a new section
and a major break, but not 2,23. It has been commented that î66 is
copied by a “careless scribe” based on the “numerous errors and a
large number of singular editorial changes” 47. The fact that the initial
draft of î66 has not been copied very accurately may also suggest
the same for its sense-unit delimitations. Since the paragraphs have
to be set during the initial transcription, they cannot be easily altered
afterwards, unlike one or two letters/words. At any rate, even putting
aside this possible explanation for the exception of î66, still, five out
of six available witnesses support the view that 2,23-25 does not be-
long to the Nicodemus pericope starting at 3,1 48.
47
P.M. HEAD, “Scribal Behavior and Theological Tendencies in Sin-
gular Readings in P. Bodmer II (P66)”, Textual Variation. Theological
and Social Tendencies? Papers from the Fifth Birmingham Colloquium
on the Textual Criticism of the New Testament (eds. D.C. PARKER –
H.A.G. HOUGHTON) (Texts and Studies 6; Piscataway, NJ 2008) 60. But
note that subsequent corrections made by the same scribe show that it is
still rather carefully checked. See J.R. ROYSE, Scribal Habits in Early
Greek New Testament Papyri (NTTSD 36; Leiden 2008) 498.
48
These textual witnesses reflect traditions they inherited and can be
reasonably treated as discrete regarding sense-unit delimitation. In terms
of the manuscripts’ content, only î75 and B have a close textual affinity.
Yet, the papyri, in general, confirm “diversification of the text associated
with the copying process in early manuscripts” (Chapa), whereas the early
codices are gathered from “previously independent and isolated codices”
(Elliott). C.L. PORTER, “Papyrus Bodmer XV (P75) and the Text of Codex