Sam Creve - Mark Janse - Kristoffel Demoen, «The Pauline Key Words pneu=ma and sa/rc and their Translation.», Vol. 20 (2007) 15-31
This paper examines the meaning of the Pauline key words pneu=ma and sa/rc and the way they are rendered in recent Bible translations. The first part presents a new approach to lexical semantics called cognitive grammar by which the various meanings of pneu=ma and sa/rc are represented as networks connected by semantic relations such as metonymy and metaphor. The second part investigates the way in shich recent Bible translations navigate between concordant and interpretative translation: pneu=ma is generally translated concordantly as «S/spirit», whereas sa/rc is often rendered interpretatively to avoid the traditional concordant translation «flesh».
The Pauline Key Words πνεῦμα and σάÏξ and their Translation 27
(2c) You, however, live not by your natural inclinations, but by the Spirit,
since the Spirit of God has made a home in you. Indeed, anyone who does not
have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to him. (NJB).
(3a) Ἡμῖν δὲ ἀπεκάλυψεν ὠθεὸς διὰ τοῦ πνεÏματος· τὸ Î³á½°Ï Ï€Î½Îµá¿¦Î¼Î±
πάντα á¼Ïαυνᾷ, καὶ Ï„á½° βάθη τοῦ θεοῦ. Τίς Î³á½°Ï Î¿á¼¶Î´ÎµÎ½ ἀνθÏώπων Ï„á½° τοῦ
ἀνθÏώπου εἰ μὴ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ ἀνθÏώπου τὸ á¼Î½ αá½Ï„á¿·; οὕτως καὶ Ï„á½° τοῦ
θεοῦ οá½Î´Îµá½¶Ï‚ ἔγνωκεν εἰ μὴ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ θεοῦ. ἡμεῖς δὲ οὠτὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ
κόσμου á¼Î»Î¬Ïομεν, ἀλλὰ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ á¼Îº τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα εἰδῶμαν Ï„á½° ὑπὸ τοῦ
θεοῦ χαÏισθÎντα ἡμῖν. (1 Cor 2,10-12).
(3b) These things God has revealed to us through the Spirit; for the Spirit
searches everything, even the depths of God. For what human being knows
what is truly human except the human spirit that is within? So also no one
comprehends what is truly God’s except the Spirit of God. Now we have
received not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit that is from God, so that
we may understand the gifts bestowed on us by God. (NRSV).
(3c) To us, though, God has given revelation through the Spirit, for the
Spirit explores the depths of everything, even the depths of God. After all,
is there anyone who knows the qualities of anyone except his own spirit,
within him; and in the same way, nobody knows the qualities of God except
the Spirit of God. Now, the Spirit we have received is not the spirit of the
world but God’s own Spirit, so that we may understand the lavish gifts God
has given us. (NJB).
1.2. σάÏξ
flesh (1)
(4a) διό, ἵνα μὴ ὑπεÏαίÏωμαι, á¼Î´ÏŒÎ¸Î· μοι σκόλοψ τῇ σαÏκί, ἄγγελος
Σατανᾶ, ἵνα με κολαφίζῃ, ἵνα μὴ ὑπεÏαίÏωμαι. (2 Cor 12,7).
(4b) Therefore, to keep me from being too elated, a thorn was given me
in the flesh, a messenger of Satan to torment me, to keep me from being too
elated. (NRSV).
(4c) Wherefore, so that I should not get above myself, I was given a thorn
in the flesh, a messenger from Satan to batter me and prevent me from
getting above myself. (NJB).
physical humanity (2)
(5a) διότι á¼Î¾ á¼”Ïγων νόμου οὠδικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάÏξ á¼Î½ÏŽÏ€Î¹Î¿Î½ αá½Ï„οῦ.
(Rom 3,20)
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