Dean B. Deppe, «Markan Christology and the Omission of υἱοῦ θεοῦ in Mark 1:1», Vol. 21 (2008) 45-64
In the last years a new consensus has arisen in textual critical circles that favors the omission of 'Son of God' from the prologue of Mark’s gospel.
The new angle by which I want to approach this problem is to investigate its significance for Markan Christology. I will argue that the shorter Markan prologue, 'The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ' does not sufficiently capture Mark’s theology of the person of Jesus. The paper includes two sections, the first discussing Markan Christology and the second evaluating the textual evidence. In the Christological section I first challenge the assertion that Peter’s confession of Jesus’ Messiahship (8:27-30) is the turning point of the Gospel of Mark. Then I demonstrate that an additional title like suffering Son of Man or Son of God is necessary to adequately capture Mark’s Christology. Finally, I argue that Matthew and John have similarly positioned crucial Christological titles in the prologues of their gospels. In the textual critical section I provide evidence for the inclusion of 'Son of God' at Mk. 1:1 and argue that the omission of this title in a few manuscripts must have occurred through periblepsis occasioned by homoioteleuton.
52 Dean B. Deppe
of Jesusâ€29. Lightfoot calls attention to the following parallels30:
8:23a = 8:27a “Outside the village†and “to the villages around Caesarea Philippi.â€
8:23b = 8:27b “Do you say anything?†and “Who do people say that I am?â€
8:24 = 8:28 The blind man’s response and the disciples’ response to the question.
8:25 = 8:29a Jesus once more puts his hands on the man’s eyes and Jesus once more asks a
question about his own identity.
8:25b = 8:29b The blind man’s sight is restored and Peter confesses Jesus as the Messiah
8:26 = 8:30 Jesus forbids the blind man to go into the village and Jesus warns the disciples
not to tell anyone.
However, the initial unclear vision of the blind man does not corres-
pond to the incorrect answers of Jesus’ contemporaries concerning his
identity, but to the half-blindness of Peter. The following parallels clarify
more clearly the comparison of the two-stage healing of the blind man
and the required double profession of Jesus as both Messiah and suffering
Son of Man.
8:22 = 8:27-28 The introduction of a blind man and the question to the disciples indica-
ting they are blind with regard to the identity of Jesus.
8:23-24 = 8:29-30 The blind man can see but not clearly (people look like walking trees) and
Peter confesses the identity of Jesus as Messiah (half-sightedness).
8:25a = 8:31-33 The blind man requires a second touch and Peter needs an additional
Christological insight to see Jesus as a suffering servant Son of Man.
8:25b = 8:32a The blind man sees everything clearly just as Jesus now speaks plainly.
8:25 = 8:34ff The second touch = the acceptance of the implications of a suffering ser-
vant Messiah which is taught in the discipleship catechism (8:34-10:52).
Just as the blind man required a second touch before he could see per-
fectly, so Peter needs a second touch. Peter becomes the blind man. After
the first touch of Jesus the blind man can see, just as Peter’s confession
of Jesus as Messiah is a positive confession of insight into Jesus’ identity.
However, the blind man cannot see clearly, just as Peter’s confession does
not allow Peter to envision Jesus clearly. Therefore, the title “Messiahâ€
R. H. Lightfoot, History and Interpretation of the Gospels (London: Hodder and
29
Stoughton 1935) 90-91. Likewise, the theological point according to Matera “Incomprehen-
sionâ€, 165 is that “Previous to Peter’s confession, the disciples are like the blind man to
whom men appear like trees walking .... After Peter’s confession, the disciples see clearly
what has been the main focus of this section, and the first half of the gospel: Jesus is the
Shepherd Messiahâ€.
The advantage of this proposal is the coordination between the partial healing by
30
Jesus and the insufficient answer of the disciples about Jesus’ identity contrasted with the
complete healing after Jesus’ second touch and the satisfactory answer of “Messiah†in
Peter’s confession. In addition, the secrecy motif cleverly concludes each narrative (8:26,30).
With this interpretation Peter’s confession points backward to 6:14-16 where Herod wrestles
with Jesus’ identity in a similar vein as the apostles do here.