16 Stratton L. Ladewig ‘πεπληγὼς ἀγορῆθεν’, καὶ κέκοπα, ἀφ’ οὗ τὸ ‘ἀμφοτέρω κεκοπώς’, tam de actu quam de passione dicuntur. Lectum est enim et πεπληγώς σε et πεπληγὼς ὑπὸ σοῦ, ‘πεπληγὼς ἀγορῆθεν’ καὶ ‘ῥάβδῳ πεπληγυῖα’47. (A.2) There are in Greek communia, which is called by this μέσα, which while they end in μαι, both active and passive indicate a single form, as βιάζομαί σε καὶ βιάζομαι ὑπὸ σοῦ, ἀνδραποδίζομαί σε καὶ ἀνδραποδίζομαι ὑπὸ σοῦ48. (C) Forms which have only a passive meaning are also called by this name, that is to say, μέσα, like ἠλειψάμην ἡσάμην and ἐλουσάμην. Al- though they [the Greek grammarians] speak of these forms as if pertaining to the μέση διάθεσις, they have no other meaning but πάθος, for the same means ἠλειψάμην as ἠλείφθην, and the same ἡσάμην as ἥσθην. Similarly, they name μέσα forms like ἐγραψάμην, ἐφάμην, ἐδόμην, when these forms have no other meaning but activity, for the same means ἐγραψάμην as ἔγραψα — you never say ὑπὸ σοῦ ἐγραψάμην —, and the same ἐφάμην as ἔφην, and the same ἐδόμην as ἔδων49. (B.2) Therefore even the ones that we said earlier, φείδομαί σου, κήδομαί σου, ἱππάθομαι μάχομαι διαλέγομαι περιβλέπομαι δωροῦμαι χαρίζομαι εὔχομαι ἄγαμαι, since they signify active alone, however they are accustomed to be named middle, although similar to the Latin [are] not communia, but they are named deponentia. (X) Although even at this point that the Greek and Latin are at variance, because when Latin never generally indicates a verb, except that may be a similar passive50, (B.1) [t]he Greeks [however] named as middle some verbs that are similar to the actives, like πέπηγα, that is named middle, means only passivity and has only the active form, for πέπηγα is the same as πέπηγμαι51. (A.1) Πέπληγα however, ἀφ’ οὗ τὸ 47 P. de Paolis, Macrobii Theodosii: De verborum Graeci et Latini differentiis vel societatibus excerpta (Testi grammaticali latini 1; Urbino 1990) 163, 165. The numerical divisions which are within parentheses are not a part of the text in de Paolis; they have been added in order to facilitate the discussion about voice in this passage. The divisions correspond to the way in which Signes-Codoñer has divided the text (with the exception that he does not discuss the section labeled “X”) (Signes-Codoñer, “Definitions of Middle Voice”, 10, 12, 16, 18, 21). 48 The English translation is my own. 49 Signes-Codoñer, “Definitions of Middle Voice”, 21. The text within brackets was included in the quoted translation. 50 The English translation is my own. 51 Signes-Codoñer, “Definitions of Middle Voice”, 16. The “however” which is included in the brackets was included in the Latin but omitted in Signes-Codoñer’s translation.