Dan Batovici, «Eriugena’s Greek Variant Readings of the Fourth Gospel.», Vol. 26 (2013) 69-86
In a 1912 note of less than two pages, E. Nestle presented a number of instances where Eriugena mentions several readings of the Greek text of the Gospel of John which did not survive in our manuscripts and which where not mentioned by Souter or Tischendorf. He stressed that such an example ‘shews that even so late an author deserves the attention of an editor of the Greek New Testament’ (596), before asking where these would fit in the manuscript tradition of John. This article will follow Nestle’s suggestion and re-examine the variant readings offered by Eriugena – all explicit quotations – in light of the post-1912 developments in textual scholarship on both the Greek text of John and on Eriugena’s works devoted to the Fourth Gospel.
84 Dan Batovici
On this occasion, Eriugena seems to simply point to a plus of clarity
in the Greek text. In the case of Jn 3:3 above, he shows that the Greek text
has ἄνωθεν where the Latin has denuo (natvs fverit denvo) and suggests
that desursum is a more accurate translation. Here, with regard to et
nemo ascendit in caelvm of Jn 3:13, Eriugena points out that in Greek
there is no ambiguity as to what tense ascendit is: in graeco praeteriti
temporis est. Jeauneau considers this to point to ἀναβέβηκεν.39 This is
altogether possible, and would be a reading with wide support elsewhere;
it is also the text of NA28.
Jn 3:33 ὅτι ὁ θεὸς] ἀληθής [ἐστιν
Comm. III. xi. [...] qvia devs verax est. Quod facilius intelligitur, si
graecus sermo legatur: Quia deus verus est, ut sit sensus: Qui accipit
testimonium filii dei de seipso, quod filius dei sit et quod pro salute
mundi pater suus eum misserit, ille firmiter credit quia deus uerus
est, qui de seipso quod uerus deus sit, ueri dei filius, testimonium
perhibuit.
‘[...] For God is truthful.‘ This is easier to grasp if one reads the Greek
text: ‘For God is true,’ with the following meaning: he who receives
the testimony of the Son of God about himself – namely that He is
the Son of God and that his Father has sent him for the sake of the
world – he believes more firmly that God is true, who bears testimony
about himself – namely that He is true God, Son of the true God.
In all probability, Eriugena is pointing here to ἀληθής, and this
reading too has wide support elsewhere; it is the text of NA28.
Conclusion
Eriugena is clearly an author aware of and sensible to Greek variants
of the text of John. Even when he can be shown to be idiosyncratic in his
translation of the Greek text, there is nonetheless a witness to the variant
we can reconstruct from his idiosyncrasy.
In the two exegetical works dedicated to John, the Homily on the
Prologue and the Commentary on the Fourth Gospel, Eriugena offers
sixteen Greek variant readings of the Vulgate text of John, all presented
explicitly. Most of them confirm our modern editions’ reconstructed
text; four, however, are variant readings of the Greek text of John.
39
Jeauneau, SC 180, 222.