Paul Danove, «Verbs of Transference and Their Derivatives of Motion and State in the New Testament: a Study of Focus and Perspective.», Vol. 19 (2006) 53-71
This article identifies 102 New Testament verbs that designate
transference and describes alternative usages of these verbs as derivates of
motion and state. The discussion first considers the manner in which verbs
grammaticalize the event of transference by assuming a particular focus
and perspective on its elements and by indicating the degree of affectedness
of the subject. The study then develops the usages of motion and state in
terms of the exclusion of elements of the event of transference and changes
in focus and perspective. A concluding discussion summarizes the results of
the investigation.
70 Paul Danove
She found the child lying on the bed (Mark 7,30)
εὗÏον τὸ παιδίον βεβλημένον á¼Ï€á½¶ τὴν κλίνην.
The introduction of a Locative adjunct, however, introduces polysemy
because the passive intransitive usage of State with a Locative adjunct
(#14) also admits to interpretation either as the passive voice of the active
usage of Transference Terminating in a Locative with the Agent omitted
by Passivization (#4) or as the passive usage of Transference Terminating
in a Locative (#9):
A certain poor man covered with sores, Lazarus by name, had been placed
[by someone] at his gate (Luke 16,20)
A certain poor man covered with sores, Lazarus by name, had placed himself
at his gate
A certain poor man covered with sores, Lazarus by name, was lying at his
gate
Πτωχὸς δέ τις ὀνόματι ΛάζαÏος á¼Î²á½³Î²Î»Î·Ï„ο Ï€Ïὸς τὸν πυλῶνα αá½Ï„οῦ
εἱλκωμένος.
5. Conclusion
This study identified fourteen verbal usages that grammaticalize all
or part of the event of transference. The following chart summarizes the
results of the study by indicating the basic usage, Transference (Tra.),
Motion (Mot.), or State (Sta), and clarifying the elements of the event
of transference that verbs raise to the status of required arguments
(Arg): Agent (A), Theme (Θ), Source (S), and Goal (G). Within this list,
parentheses identify excluded and so irretrievable elements of the event;
and brackets identify retrievable elements of the event. The number of
elements not in parentheses and brackets specifies the usage as ditransitive
(3), transitive (2), or intransitive (1). When appropriate, the next column
of Modifications (Mod.) notes occasions in which Theme is raised to
function as an Agent (Θ–>A) or the Goal functions as a Locative (G–>L).
To the right appear clarifications concerning retrievable elements. Next
appears a description of whether the verb focuses on initiation (+),
termination (–), or both (+/–). These notations simultaneously clarify
whether the subject is unaffected (+), affected (–), or both (+/–). On the
right appear the type of usage, primary (pri.) or secondary (sec.), the
basic verb forms required by the usage, active (act.), middle (mid.) or
passive (pass.), and the classification of the usage:
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