D.W. Kim, «What Shall We Do? The Community Rules of Thomas in the ‘Fifth Gospel’», Vol. 88 (2007) 393-414
This article argues for the diversity of early Christianity in terms of religiocultural communities. Each early Christian group, based on a personal revelation of leadership and the group’s socio-political milieu, maintained its own tradition (oral, written, or both) of Jesus for the continuity and prosperity of the movement. The leaders of early Christianity allowed outsiders to become insiders in the condition where the new comers committed to give up their previous religious attitude and custom and then follow the new community rules. The membership of the Thomasine group is not exceptional in this case. The Logia tradition of P. Oxy. 1, 654.655, and NHC II, 2. 32: 10-51: 28 in the context of community policy will prove the pre-gnostic peculiarity of the creative and independent movement within the Graeco-Roman world.
406 D.W. Kim
in the spiritual atmosphere of the Thomasine community, when the
new proselytisers tried to settle down in the Christian community. The
Logia of Thomas should be comprehensive in the perspective of “the
community orientation guide†through which the new proselytisers
from Judaism renounced their old Jewish mentality and adopted the
charismatic customs of Thomas. The transitional process of their new
identity is additionally elucidated by Valantasis, in that “for the task of
refashioning one-self, the gradual and sustained performances
incrementally construct a new identity, slowly building up a new way
of understanding self, society, and world†(71).
3. The Thomasine Beatitudes
The community rules, thirdly, are seen in the phrases of “makarios
(Blessed)â€, although Stroker’s Extra-Canonical Sayings of Jesus does
not include any beatitudes of Jesus as part of the rules of the early
Christian communities (72). The Thomas Logiographer quoted the term
makarios about thirteen times (73) in ten different Logia (74) with six
makarioi used for different purposes (75).The makarios Logia 7, 18, 19,
49, 58 and 103 begin grammatically with the plural article of ÿen. The
single article of ou is also used in Logia of 54, 68 and 69 (76). The
makarios of the Logion 79, expressed as neeiat, is mystically
exceptional, but the subjective noun still expresses the same meaning
as makarios (77). The makarios Logia are formed in an apophthegmatic
way in order to keep the mind of the community members steadfast in
their new belief. The Matthean text contains nine makarios sayings in
a professional structure for its own community readers (78), while the
(71) Although the new community concept of Valantasis is still based on the
ascetic view of 100-110 C.E. his imagining of the new proselytisers is quite
plausible. VALANTASIS, “Is the Gospel of Thomas Ascetical?â€, 75-81.
(72) Stroker collected a lot of non-canonical Logia of Jesus including Thomas
and enumerated them with other relevant texts. See W.D. STROKER,
Extracanonical Sayings of Jesus (Atlanta, GA 1989) 198-245.
(73) NHC II, 2: 33: 24; 36: 14, 17; 41: 27; 42: 23; 43: 08; 45: 21, 25, 28; 47:
04, 06-07, 10 and 50: 06.
(74) Logia 7, 18, 19, 49, 54, 58, 68, 69, 79 and 103.
(75) Logia 7, 18, 19, 79a, 79c and 103.
(76) This makarios articles are decided according to the following objects.
They are not relevant to the interpretation of the makarios Logia of Thomas.
(77) The editor of the Nag Hammadi Thomas used a different term for
“blessedâ€, which is not clearly identified yet.
(78) Matt 5,3-11.