Constructing “Janus-Faced” Exhortations 409 Hebrews’ parade of heroes, however unperfected (11,39-40), continue to live by faith beyond the confines of the eleventh chapter of the epistle. As they look forward to Christ, Hebrews’ audience look backwards to them, not just as models of faithfulness, but also as practical exemplars of contemporary ethics and behaviour. Israel’s narrative remains as important to Hebrews in the opening verses of chapter 13 as they do in the preceding twelve. Queen’s Foundation David ALLEN Somerset Road Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2QH UK SUMMARY Whilst the scholarly consensus now concurs that Hebrews 13 forms part of the original text, the way in which it interacts with, or relates to, the previous chapters, remains a matter for debate. This paper establishes the relationship in terms of the use of the OT, particularly the way in which Hebrews 13 appropriates narratives from OT figures already discussed in chapters 1–12, thereby (re-)using them for its ethical discourse. Where the bulk of the letter (i.e. Hebrews 1–12) casts the OT protagonists as looking forwards to perfection under Christ, Heb 13,1-8 exhorts its readers to look backwards and learn from the model (or otherwise) behaviour of these same OT figures.