J. Christopher Edwards, «Reading the Ransom Logion in 1 Tim 2,6 and Titus 2,14 with Isa 42,6-7; 49,6-8», Vol. 90 (2009) 264-266
In this study I argue that the same author reads the ransom logion in 1 Tim 2,6 and Titus 2,14 in light of Isa 42,6-7; 49,6-8. The primary evidences are the parallel between the two i3na clauses in Titus 2,14 and Barn 14,6, as well as the idea of covenant mediator, combined with a universal perspective, in 1 Tim 2,1-7. Taken together, these evidences strongly suggest influence from Isa 42,6-7; 49,6-8.
Reading the Ransom Logion in 1 Tim 2,6 and Titus 2,14
with Isa 42,6-7; 49,6-8
The reception of the ransom logion in 1 Tim 2,6 and Titus 2,14 has
occasioned much discussion. However, very little of this discussion, if any
at all, involves observing how the logion is similarly received in both
works. In this short study I will demonstrate that in 1 Tim 2,6 and Titus 2,14
the same author exhibits a pattern of reading the ransom logion in light of
Isa 42,6-7; 49,6-8.
Mark 10,45c kai; dou'nai th;n yuch;n aujtou' lutron ajnti; pollw'n
v
oJ dou;" eauton ajntivlutron
J ; uper pavntwn
J;
1 Tim 2,6
edwken
[ eJauto;n uJpe;r hJmw'n, ina lutrwvshtai
{
Titus 2,14
The above comparison demonstrates why there is little doubt among
scholars that 1 Tim 2,6 and Titus 2,14 are influenced by a version of the
ransom logion similar to that found in Mark 10,45c. In what follows, I
would like to discuss how these two occurrences of the ransom logion in the
Pastorals are read in light of Isa 42,6-7; 49,6-8. I begin my discussion with
the logion in Titus 2,14.
The ransom logion in Titus 2,14 is augmented by two i{na clauses that
serve to expand its meaning. The two i{na clauses following the self-giving
statement (o}" e[dwken eJauto;n uJpe;r hJmw'n) are (1) i{na lutrwvshtai hJma'" ajpo;
pavsh" ajnomiva", and (2) kaiv [i{na] kaqarivsh/ eJautw/' lao;n periouvsion. The
vast majority of the secondary literature sees the same texts behind the first
and second i{na clauses. The first i{na clause is said to be influenced by Ps
130,8 [129,8 LXX], the second i{na clause is influenced by Exod 19,5, and
both clauses are influenced by Ezek 37,23 (1). I would like to suggest instead
that Isa 42,6-7 and 49,6-7 are behind the two i{na clauses. I suggest this
because the two i{na clauses in Titus 2,14 are almost completely parallel to
Barn 14,6, and Barn 14,6 is nothing more than the author’s summary of Isa
42,6-7; 49,6-7, which is quoted in Barn 14,7-8. In what follows, I parallel
the two i{na clauses from Titus 2,14 alongside Barn 14,6.
ina lutrwvshtai
{ hJma'" ajpov pavsh" ajnomiva"
Titus 2,14a
lutrwsamenon
v hJma'" ejk tou' skovtou",
Barn 14,6a
kai; kaqarivsh/ eJautw/' lao;n periouvsion
Titus 2,14b
eJtoima'sai eJautw/' laon a{gion
;
Barn 14,6b
(1) F. BÃœCHSEL, “luvtron, ajntivlutron, lutrovw, luvtrwsi", lutrwthv", ajpoluvtrwsi"â€,
TDNT, IV, 351 n. 14; T. KNÖPPLER, Sühne im Neue Testament. Studien urchristlichen
Verständnis der Heilsbedeutung des Todes Jesu (WMANT 88; Neukirchen-Vluyn 2001)
186; A. LAU, Manifest in Flesh. The Epiphany Christology of the Pastoral Epistles
(WUNT II/86; Tübingen 1996) 151-52; I.H. MARSHALL, The Pastoral Epistles (ICC;
Edinburgh 1999) 284-285; L. OBERLINNER, Die Pastoralbriefe. Dritte folge, Kommentar
zum Titusbrief (HTKNT XI/2; Freiburg 1996) 138; H. STETTLER, Die Christologie der
Pastoralbriefe (WUNT II/103; Tübingen 1998) 260; P. TOWNER, The Letters to Timothy
and Titus (NICNT; Grand Rapids, MI 2006) 760-766; et al.