429 GOLIATH’S DEATH TESTAMENT JUDAH AND THE OF to the greaves is found. A careful reading of the T Jud 3, however, suggests that 1 Sam 17 continues to shape the narrative. Putting aside for the moment the reference to the greaves, at least three other similarities between the T Jud 3 and 1 Sam 17 can be discerned. First, in T Jud 3,1, the two Canaanite kings are described as coming sheathed in armour (teuwrakismenoi). This is reminiscent of the ¥ description of Goliath being clothed in a scaled armour (uwraka in the ¥ LXX) in 1 Sam 17,5. Second, in T Jud 3,6, when Judah is attacked by nine of Achor’s men, he is said to have killed four of them by slinging stones at them (lıuoiv sφendwnısav aytoyv). This seems to echo David’s ¥ ¥ ߥ killing of Goliath in 1 Sam 17,49, when he slung (esφendonhsen in the ß ¥ LXX) one stone (lıuon ena in the LXX) at him 19. Third, in T Jud 3,7, ¥ ™ Jacob is said to have killed Beelesah, king of all the kings, who is “twelve cubits high (tq ısxyi phxwn i*b*)”. This height specification in cubits is ˜ß ¥ ˜ reminiscent of Goliath, whose height is specified in the MT of 1 Sam 17,4 as “six cubits and a span (but ycov aytoy tessarwn phxewn kaı ™ ߘ ¥ ¥ ù spiuamhv, according to the LXX)” 20. ˜ What is most significant about these three similarities, however, is not just that Greek terms similar to those found in the LXX of 1 Sam 17 are used in the T Jud 3, but that at least two of the three cases seem to represent unique contributions by the author of the Testament beyond what is found in the underlying source material of the account. For scholars of the Testament have long noticed that the account of Judah’s war with the Amorites in T Jud 3–7 shares significant similarities with some midrashic haggadic material 21. These include the 13th Century CE Midrash Wayiss‘u found in the Yalkut Shimeoni and the 14th Century CE Chronicles of Yerahmeel, both of which contain a more elaborate account of the same war 22. The same stories are also found expanded and This is also suggested by HOLLANDER – DE JONGE, Testament, 191, who 19 referenced T Jud 3,6 back to the David and Goliath story in 1 Sam 17,40.49. Again, HOLLANDER – DE JONGE, Testament, 191, referenced T Jud 3,7 to 20 1 Sam 17,4 when they speak of Beelisah being regarded as “a super Goliath”. S e e R.H. C H A R L E S , A p o c r y p h a and Pseudepigrapha of the Old 21 Testament in English. With Introductions and Critical and Explanatory Notes to the Several Books (Oxford, 1913) II, 290; M. DE JONGE, The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs. A Study of Their Text, Composition, and Origin (Assen 1975) 61; HOLLANDER – DE JONGE, Testament, 185-186. According to HOLLANDER – DE JONGE, Testament, 26, the Chronicles of 22 Yerahmeel is considered a parallel text of Midrash Wayiss‘u, such that Hollander and de Jonge actually include an excerpt of an English translation of the Chronicles of Yerahmeel in their Appendix II, but title it Midrash Wayiss‘u.