Martijn Steegen, «M. Steegen: To Worship the Johannine 'Son of Man'. John 9,38 as Refocusing on the Father», Vol. 91 (2010) 534-554
Important early textual witnesses show John 9,38-39a to be absent. Because of the use of uncharacteristic vocabulary, the use of rare verb forms such as e¶fh and pistey¥w, and the unique confession of faith and worship of Jesus as “Son of Man” during his earthly life, John 9,38 has been said to stand outside Johannine theology. I argue that, although John 9,38-39a confronts the Gospel’s reader with uncharacteristic vocabulary, this does not necessarily imply that these words were added by a later hand under liturgical influence. Instead of standing outside Johannine theology, the confession of faith and the worship by the man healed from his blindness function as the first fulfilment of the proleptic prediction of the words in 4,23 kaiù gaùr oO pathùr toioy¥toyv zhtei˜ toyùv proskynoy˜ntav ayßto¥n. Then, I confront the absence of 9,38-39a with yet another text-critical problem in the larger pericope 9,35-41 — the replacement of the title yiOoùv toy˜ aßnurw¥ poy in 9,35 by yiOoùv toy˜ ueoy — and argue that these two text-critical problems cannot be separated from one another. Finally, I explore how the designation “Son of Man” functions within the framework of pistey¥w and proskyne¥w. The worship of the Johannine Jesus can hardly be seen as a goal in itself. Instead, it is an acknowledgement that the Father is made known in the person of Jesus (cf. 9,3), and hence is typically Johannine.
548 MARTIJN STEEGEN
body is appointed as the true Temple, the place where true worship
of the Father takes place (cf. 4,23) 44. Therefore, Porsch concludes
that worship in Spirit and truth is also worship en Xrist√ 45. This
ß
worship, essentially God-centred, is made possible by the gift of
the Holy Spirit (cf. 1,33 ; 19,30; 20,22) 46.
In the historical man, Jesus of Nazareth, God summons true
worshippers to faith, and seeks to encounter them. In the unity of
Jesus’ work, his signs and words, it is therefore not about the
disclosure of his own divine nature or his transcendent being, but
about the disclosure of his being human as the incarnate Word full
of grace and truth (cf. 1,17) 47. It is in the Word that became flesh
that God can be truly known (cf. 1,1-18). When Jesus heard that the
Pharisees had cast the man born blind out of the synagogue, he
went out looking for the man and found him (9,35). In 4,23b it is
the Father who seeks the true worshipper. In chapter nine, the
characteristics attributed to God in 4,23b are attributed to Jesus,
since Jesus went out looking for the man and found him
(cf. 5,14) 48. This search is not to be understood as a passive
waiting. As demonstrated by the use of the indicative present
active of the verb zhtew, it is to be understood as an active search
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John 4,19-26 and a Theological Investigation of the Replacement Theme in the
Fourth Gospel (Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology 46; Leuven
2007) 158-163. The preposition en, which is only used once in the expression,
ß
indicates the close relationship that exists between pneyma and alhueia.
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SCHNACKENBURG, John, II; 254.
44
F. PORSCH, Pneuma und Wort. Ein exegetischer Beitrag zur Pneuma-
45
tologie des Johannesevangeliums (FTS 16; Frankfurt 1974) 160.
CARSON, The Gospel according to John, 225.
46
THYEN, Das Johannesevangelium, 261-262.
47
KEENER, The Gospel of John, I, 794. The search for the man in 9,35
48
also resembles the search in 5,14, where Jesus also came back to warn the
healed paralytic not to fall back into his old life. According to Keener, these
two disciples, the paralytic man and the blind man, provide a negative and a
positive model which together issue a challenge to the reader to progress in
his or her discipleship. The content of Jesus’ revelation and the solid answer
of the healed man born blind in John 9 represent a progression if compared
with 5,14. The man healed from his paralysis, which Jesus came to warn, does
not express his faith in Jesus, whereas the man born blind did. Further on in
the Gospel, this progression in discipleship comes to a climax in the
encounter of Thomas with the Risen Lord (20,27-29).