230 ÉTIENNE NODET Essenes, for whom access to the Covenant was the goal of a baptis- mal pedagogy. The peculiarity of the Jewish colony of Bathyra (Golan) suggests the need for a reassessment of the Jewish nature of rural Galilee at the time of Jesus. However, the fourth Gospel indicates familiarity with a different milieu, one much more linked to the Temple and its calendar. Together with Josephus’ testimony and some Qumran documents, this suggests that conferring upon Jesus with a divine rank could have been perfectly acceptable to the Jews at that time, unlike the views displayed later by Rabbinic tra- dition. This, in turn, may shed some light upon the formation of the Gospels, for the first Christians wanted to stress Jesus’ humanity. École Biblique Étienne NODET POB 19053 Jerusalem – IL SUMMARY Five conclusions allow us to explain Jesus last days and to assess the signif- icance of the actual Gospel narratives. Firstly, his last Passover meal (Synoptics, solar calendar) took place on one Tuesday evening; secondly, the origin of the Eucharistic rite on the Lord’s day has nothing to do with Passover; thirdly, a feast of Passover-Easter (Pasxa) on a specific Sunday emerged somewhat late ¥ in the IInd century ; fourthly, before this date, the Synoptics did not have their final shape; fifthly Josephus provides us with a clue to understand Jesus’ double trial before Pilate in the Passion narrative of John.