Simon J. Joseph, ««Seek His Kingdom»: Q 12,22b-31, God’s Providence, and Adamic Wisdom.», Vol. 92 (2011) 392-410
In Q 12,22b-31, a kingdom-saying functions as the climax to a sapiential collection, but it is not self-evident that this message is sapiential. Q 12,31 uses traditional wisdom structures and forms to advance what appears to be an «eschatological» message. In this study, I re-examine the nature of the wisdom in Q 12,22b-31 and argue that the theme of God’s providence can be understood in relation to eschatological ideals of the restoration of creation and a «Son of God»/Adamic christology.
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“SEEK HIS KINGDOMâ€
Adam†(1QS 4,22-23; CD 3,20; 1QH 4,15), which is described
as “a crown of glory with majestic raiment in eternal light†(1QS
4,7-8). 1QS clearly envisions an eschatological “renewal†(1QS
4,25), a profound transformation of the community, when “all the
glory of Adam†will be “theirsâ€, i.e., when the original human de-
sign would be restored. The community saw itself as a “temple
of Adamâ€, a phrase referring to both the community as an “escha-
tological sanctuary†as well as an “Adamic sanctuary of Eden re-
stored†66. Adamic speculation was clearly present in first-century
Judaism.
There is not enough space here to analyze in detail this Jewish
Christian trajectory through late antiquity. This would take us far
afield from Q. It is sufficient to note that eschatological specula-
tion often involved the attainment of an ideal humanity 67. Q is at
home in eschatological Judaism, and a nexus between Jesus, Wis-
dom, and Adamic Christology (in Q) can help explain Jesus’ role
as the one who renews the covenant between humanity (Adam)
and God.
* *
*
The wisdom traditions in Q are both sapiential and eschatolog-
ical/apocalyptic. In Q 12,22b-31, traditionally identified as a wis-
dom collection, Jesus encourages his followers and disciples not to
be anxious about their food and clothing, but rather to “seek his
kingdomâ€. Jesus’ assurance of God’s providence seems to fly in
the face of “worldly†wisdom, where diligent labor is rewarded.
Yet Jesus is also identified as the “Son of God†in Q, and this title
in Q is not just a sapiential “son of Godâ€, but “the Son†in an ex-
clusive, absolute sense. This “Sonship†is more appropriately un-
derstood as a confluence of an Adamic identification with the
66
M. WISE, “4QFlorilegium and the Temple of Adam,†RevQ 15 (1991) 103-
32; G. BROOKE, The Dead Sea Scrolls and the New Testament (Minneapolis,
MN 2005) 243, 245; “Miqdash Adam, Eden and the Qumran Communityâ€,
Gemeinde ohne Tempel-Community without Temple. Zur Substituierung und
Transformation des Jerusalemer Tempels und seines Kultes im Alten Testament,
antiken Judentum und fruhen Christentum (eds. B. EGO et al.) (WUNT 118;
Tübingen 1999) 285-230.
67
A.R.G. DEASLEY, The Shape of Qumran Theology (Carlisle, PE 2000) 291.