Karl Olav Sandnes, «Prophet-Like Apostle: A Note on the "Radical New Perspective" in Pauline Studies», Vol. 96 (2015) 550-564
The question of Paul's prophet-like apostolate has gained renewed interest due to the "Radical New Perspective", claiming that Paul remained fully within the confines of his Jewish identity. His prophetic call to become an apostle (Galatians 1) serves to substantiate that. The only new thing is that Paul came to a new understanding of the time, i.e. the time for the ingathering of the Gentiles had arrived (Pamela Eisenbaum). The present article argues that the prophetic model is not sufficient to explain how the Damascus event influenced the apostle's theology and mission. This event initiated a process of "slow conversion" as well.
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562 KARL OLAV SANDNES 562
termines how Paul understands himself” 32. As pointed out through-
out this article, the gospel, not Paul himself, was the real news.
Hence, the latter is subordinated to the gospel; thus his self-under-
standing mirrors the gospel. Andrzej Jacek Najda rightly says that
the gospel revealed to Paul “ist neu und alt zugleich” 33. According
to Paul, the prophetic ministry reaches its peak in the gospel; hence
it finds also there its completion. There is thus a uniqueness at-
tached to the prophet-like apostolate entrusted with the gospel.
Paul calls himself an apostle. His being elected, sent with a mis-
sion, speaking on the authority of the God of the Fathers — all this
unites Paul with the Hebrew prophets. Calling himself an “apostle”
is a derivate from the verb avposte,llw; this becomes obvious when
he connects this noun to prepositions like avpo, and dia, (Gal 1,1.11-
12; 1 Cor 1,1; 2 Cor 1,1; Rom 1,1-5). In the words of Tobias Nick-
las: “Wie die Propheten Israels ist Paulus ‘gesandt’, um das
Evangelium zu verkündigen” 34. Due to the emphasis on the preach-
ing of eschatological salvation, the Book of Isaiah and the Servant
there played an important role, but Paul is not connected with in-
dividual prophets, be they Moses, the Servant or Jeremiah, but with
the prophetic tradition corporately. Still Paul refrains from labelling
himself a prophet among other prophets. It is difficult to escape the
conclusion that it mattered to Paul to voice an identity that — in
spite of fundamental similarities — separated him from the
prophets, because the gospel as a fulfillment was to be distin-
guished from the prophets who gave promises about it. Thus the
aspect of time and fulfillment is crucial here. Furthermore, the
Christocentric nature of his apostolate, both with regard to its au-
thority and content, further separated him from the prophets. This
Christocentrism is not necessarily antagonistic to the prophetic
model. But the way it expresses not only a mission but also a re-
orientation towards the past, abbreviated in the critique of the Law,
makes Christ the primary model for understanding Paul as an apos-
tle entrusted with the gospel.
32
S. GRINDHEIM, “Apostate Turned Prophet: Paul’s Prophetic Self-Under-
standing and Prophetic Hermeneutic with Special Reference to Galatians
3.10-12”, NTS 53 (2007) 556.
33
NAJDA, Prophet, 234.
34
NICKLAS, “Paulus”, 84.