Olegs Andrejevs, «Reexamining Q2: Son of God Christology in Q’s Redactional Layer.», Vol. 97 (2016) 62-78
This essay analyzes three important Christological texts in the reconstructed synoptic sayings source Q: 4,1-13 (the temptation legend), 6,20b-49 (the Q sermon) and 10,21-22 (the thanksgiving of Jesus). According to the current consensus in Q studies, these texts belong to three different compositional strata and reflect different theological concerns. I coordinate them in the document’s redactional layer (Q2), demonstrating their compatibility on literary-critical and traditionhistorical grounds. My hypothesis is that these texts provide the necessary Christological framework for Q2’s depiction of Jesus as the messianic Son of Man and Lord by stressing his identity as God’s unique Son.
reexAMINING Q2: SoN oF God CHrISToLoGy 77
speeches in ancient Jewish literature include 1 Sam 15,17b-19.22-23;
Isa 1,2-8; Jer 2,4-37. As in those examples, Q 6,37-42 features (a) a
specification of the offense (Q 6,37-38; cf. 1 Sam 15,17c-19.23a-c; Isa
1,2b; Jer 2,8.13); (b) interrogation and proverbial wisdom implicating
the accused party in committing the said offense (Q 6,39-42a; cf. 1
Sam 15,17b.19.22; Isa 1,3.5-6; Jer 2,14.17-18.23a); (c) a direct accu-
sation of the guilty party (Q 6,42b; cf. 1 Sam 15,19; Isa 1,4; Jer
2,20a.23b-24.25b). To this polemical sequence in Q 6,37-42 one
would do well to add 6,43-45; the parable of the two trees clearly il-
lustrates the main point of the preceding accusation, namely that a
good disciple should speak properly 47. This means that approximately
one third of the sermon (6,37-45) consists of inner-communal polemic
probably caused by a conflict within the Q group. The tone and form
of this extended sequence, as well as the concluding general accusa-
tion and judgment parable 6,46-49, are anything but overwhelmingly
sapiential. They do, however, fit in rather well with the Q2 composi-
tional layer and its polemical framework (which includes at least one
other inner-communal judgment parable in 19,12-26).
IV. Conclusion: Son of God Christology in Q2
The three texts analyzed in this essay (Q 4,1-13; 6,20b-49; 10,21-
22) have not heretofore been coordinated in such a way as to espouse
a common Christological and polemical agenda. Indeed, in the leading
theory of contemporary Q studies, that of John S. Kloppenborg, all
three are assigned to separate compositional layers. As I hope to have
shown above, however, coordinating these texts in a single stratum re-
sults in a stronger Q compositional model. My hypothesis can be sum-
marized as follows: (a) the concept of Jesus’ unique sonship rather
than Sophia Christology lies behind 10,21-22; (b) the related title
o` ui`oj, (tou/ qeou/) found in 4,1-13 and 10,21-22 provides the validation
for Jesus as the messianic o` ui`o.j tou/ avnqrw,pou and as ku,rioj in Q2’s
Christological framework; (c) the Q sermon 6,20b-49 reflects that
framework and therefore also belongs in Q2.
This hypothesis, if correct, raises a number of urgent questions of
which I will highlight but two. First, with the relocation of 6,20-49 to
Q2, the document’s formative layer loses what has been viewed until
now as its most important text. This holds serious implications for the
47
FITzMyer, Luke I–IX, 643.