J. Duncan - M. Derrett, «The mission originates in captivation: a(lieu/w, pia/zw, su/rw, e3lkw. (JN 21:6-11)», Vol. 15 (2002) 95-109
The earliest rationalization of Mission reflected in Jn 21, does not sug-gest it is a
pleasant experience for the converts, or an easy task for the missioners. Some quaint
presuppositions are offered for us to digest; and much Jewish law is hidden in the
behavior depicted in such careful detail.
108 J. Duncan M. Derrett
sheep without a shepherd (Num 27:17; Mk 6:34), an idea for which we
are prepared in Jn 10:11,14. That appointment, according to Philo, took
place because of Moses’ and Joshua’s mutual love78, for Moses passed over
his own sons and nephews, he whose own way of life was “worthy of loveâ€.
Such a divine appointment cannot be annulled except as at 1 Sam 15:23,
16:1.
None of this excludes a fate like that of Samson, whose triumphs and
whose fate have parallels with Peter’s79. No doubt the likeness with Samson
is not obvious - John is not an “obvious†writer. But Jesus’ recognition
of Peter as his heroic successor and deputy is no less pertinent for being
surprising. ∆ιεζώσατο at v.7 makes sense, with its suggestion of readi-
ness for action; but it prepares us for the á¼Î¶ÏŽÎ½Î½Ï…ες and ἄλλος σε ζώσει at
v.18, where also the á¼ÎºÏ„ενεῖς Ï„á½°Ï‚ χεῖÏάς σου pathetically predicts a time
when Peter can no longer dive and swim. Martyrdom is being foretold at
a period when old age will have terminated performance of the promise
which arose from that fishing expedition and those initial “fishâ€.
VII. Conclusion: the Mission no Delicate Affair
No doubt Jn 21 is a “Petrine storyâ€80. But do the fish-become-sheep
exist for Peter, or does he exist for them? The curiosities of their relation-
ship are relevant. Does the gospel spread by whispering in corners? Our
chapter suggests nothing of the kind. Immediately before evangelization
starts, at the outset of the Mission, aspects of the enterprise are empha-
sized which do not loom so large in the synoptics. Perhaps I should ex-
clude Lk 14:23, which tends in John’s direction. Admittedly missionaries
may be rebuffed (Mt 10:14-15), so that they do not have a fair chance of
convincing their potential hosts. John’s awareness of persecution is not
as vivid as the synoptics’; yet for him it exists as an intellectual conflict
(Jn 9:13-34). The Spirit has surely not ceased to direct those under perse-
cution (Mt 10:19-20). But Jn 21 concentrates on the way the community
is to be formed, as indeed Luke himself implied81 by mass activity. Then
Philo, in a lyrical passage, Virt. 69 (see the whole at L.C.L., Philo VIII, 196-206) (for
78
φιλάλληλον see Plutarch, Mor. 977C, 979F). Philo even uses á¼”Ïως at §55 (cf. Xen., Hiero
11.11).
J.D.M. Derrett, “Ζώννυμι... The fate of Peter (Jn 21:18-19)â€, FN 8 (1995), 79-84 at pp.
79
83-84.
F. Neirynck, “John 21â€, NTS 36/3 (1990), 321-336 at p. 329.
80
Lk 5:3-4. True, the connection between the teaching and the fishing is artificial as
81
noticed by M. Goguel, “Did Peter deny his Lord?â€, HTR 25 (1932), 1-27 at p. 22 cited
by Klein, “Berufungâ€, 2, 6 - but the switching of interest from the mass on the shore to