Peter Spitaler, «Doubting in Acts 10:27?», Vol. 20 (2007) 81-93
The verb diakri/nomai occurs twice in the Acts of the Apostles. Many contemporary interpreters assert it means «hesitate/doubt» in 10:20 –a meaning of the middle and passive voices that, according to opinio communis, first surfaces in NT texts– and «contest/dispute» in 11:2, its classical/Hellenistic meaning. In this article, I first discuss and critique the criteria that guide scholars to render diakri/nomai in Acts 10:20 with a meaning that diverges from extra-biblical Greek meaning categories. Next, I investigate the verse within its immediate (10:9-20) and larger literary contexts (10:1-11:18) to show that interpretations of the phrase mhde\n diakrino/menoj that rely on a «NT meaning» of diakri/nomai (i.e., «doubting nothing») have no support in the text. Rather, the placement of Acts 10:20 within its literary context supports a rendering of diakri/nomai in accordance with classical/Hellenistic Greek conventions.
“Doubting†in Acts 10:20? 91
11:2)38. The second and third narrations echo selective aspects of the vi-
sion and subsequent events in Joppa and Peter’s experience in Caesarea.
Both stories mention that the spirit, in Joppa, tells Peter to accompany
Cornelius’ servants; however, Peter’s interpretation of the spirit’s com-
mand changes with the story’s progression. Specifically, he interprets
the command differently at progressive stages in his own narrative. In
Caesarea, Peter tells Cornelius that he has come ἀναντιÏÏήτως (“without
protestâ€, 10:29). Later, in Jerusalem, Peter justifies his decision to meet
with Cornelius by informing his fellow disciples that the spirit instructed
him to go with the Caesarean men μηδὲν διακÏίναντα (“discriminating
nothingâ€, 11:12).
All three of these varying references to Peter’s compliance with the
spirit’s command (μηδὲν διακÏινόμενος, 10:20; ἀναντιÏÏήτως, 10:29;
μηδὲν διακÏίναντα, 11:12) mark, and recall, the narrative transition
between the first two geographical stages of the evolving story (that
is, the movement from Joppa to Caesarea). Only the second and third
references, however, integrate incrementally more information into the
narrative and, therewith, show Peter’s evolving understanding of the
spirit’s original command during his vision in Joppa. In the first retelling
of the Joppa incident (at Caesarea), the adverb ἀναντιÏÏήτως (10:29)
directly corresponds to the spirit’s order to follow Cornelius’ servants
μηδὲν διακÏινόμενος (10:20); that is, this adverb echoes Peter’s non-pro-
testing attitude in response to the command. In contrast, the phrase μηδὲν
διακÏίναντα (11:12), located within the second retelling (at Jerusalem),
corresponds to the events at Caesarea – particularly Peter’s observation:
because both Gentile and Jewish believers received the spirit, thereby
demonstrating God’s non-discriminatory action, his visit with Gentile
believers in Caesarea could not be unlawful (cf. 10:28.47).
Significantly, neither reiteration of the Joppa event (at Caesarea or at
Jerusalem) repeats the intrapersonal responses Peter experiences during
the vision itself (i.e., his “confusion†and “ponderingâ€). The narrative con-
text suggests strongly that the adverb ἀναντιÏÏήτως (10:29) is the inter-
pretive key for the phrase μηδὲν διακÏινόμενος (10:20)39: what “the voiceâ€
tells Peter in Joppa (to accompany the visitors “contesting nothingâ€), Peter
himself identifies in Caesarea as going “without protestâ€. Consequently,
the verbs διαπόÏεω (10:17) and διενθυμέομαι (10:19) are not interpretive
keys for the phrase μηδὲν διακÏινόμενος; rather, they echo Peter’s reac-
tion to an event that has already been reported, i.e., his vision in Joppa.
Cf. Tannehill (Narrative Unity 124) about the significance of geographical locations
38
in Acts that “create links in narrative lines that will be broken by other material.â€
Cf. also Bruce, Acts 259; Fitzmyer, Acts 461; Johnson, Acts 190.
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