Ευθεωσ Beyond the Temporal Meaning 31 In this last sense (3.4) εὐθέωσ is synonymous with ὀρθῶσ, rightly, naturally, as a matter of course Xenophon, Cyropaedia V 2.35: ὀρθῶσ καὶ σὺ φοβεῖ καὶ ἡμεῖσ τῷ ὄντι ἐν δεινοῖσ ἐσμεν, rightly you too are afraid for us and we really are in danger (or you too have good reason to fear for us etc). Plato, Protagoras 316C: ὀρθῶσ, ἔφη, προμηθῇ, ὦ σώκρατεσ, ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ, rightly, he said, you take care, Socrates, on my behalf. 4. εὐθέωσ in 3 John 14 As has been said, it is not very likely that εὐθέωσ in 3 John 14 means that the announced visit will take place immediately. For that reason the KJV translates shortly, other translations have soon.23 These English adverbs of time do not adequately render what the presbyter wants to communicate to Gaius. Perhaps another meaning of the adverb εὐθέωσ may be more appropriate on this occasion. Our starting point is to note that the regular form εὐθέωσ points to an adverb of quality, being derived from the adjective εὐθύσ = right. One can think of the meaning: rightly, in the right manner. In this way I understand the phrase εὐθέωσ ἰδεῖν τινά as look somebody right in his eyes, meet him eye to eye, that is speak pri- vately and seriously with him. In fact, the presbyter has to set things right in Gaius’ community. To be satisfied with a meaning foreign to εὐθέωσ, such as soon or shortly, is illegitimate.24 In stead of a temporal meaning I propose a qualitative understanding: ‘I hope to see you in person and we will talk face to face’ (we will have a heart-to-heart talk with each other). A direct verbal confrontation is desired.25 5. εὐθέωσ in Galatians 1:15-17 Heinrich Schlier is one of the few exegetes to pay attention to the word order in Galatians 1:15-17. He refuses the inversion: οὐκ εὐθέωσ προσανεθέμην, and he also resists the reading: εὐθέωσ ἀπῆλθον εἰσ 23 See e.g. NRSV REB TEV: I hope to see you (very) soon. KJV: I trust I shall shortly see thee. 24 Nowhere in the Greek literature, checked by the present author from Herodotus up to the Byzantine period, the meaning ‘soon’ or ‘shortly’ for ‘εὐθέωσ’ is found. 25 In the NT λαλέω is sometimes used for speak pro­phetically, especially in Luke and Acts. Like­wise in 3 John 14 the force of λαλήσομεν is strong: The presbyter takes responsi- bility for the community of Gaius: therefore he will see and speak personally.