Gard Granerød, «Melchizedek in Hebrews 7», Vol. 90 (2009) 188-202
Hebrews has more to say about Melchizedek than what is said about him in LXX Ps 109,4 (perhaps also MT Ps 110,4) and Genesis 14. Heb 7,3 says that Melchizedek is “without father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life” and that “he remains a priest forever”. I discuss where the author gets this information from. Methodologically, priority should be given to an explanation made on the basis of the hermeneutical techniques that the author uses elsewhere. I argue that the surplus information found in Heb 7,3.8 stems from arguments made from silence. The author explicitly makes arguments from silence in Heb 7,14.20.
Melchizedek in Hebrews 7 189
one usually refers to as the LXX (2). Secondly, the congregation he was
addressing consisted of Christians who according to Heb 6,1 had
already received a basic teaching about Christ (6,1 to;n th'" ajrch'" tou'
Cristou' lovgon). The author’s intention was not to lay the foundation
(qemelion) anew (3).
v
The author strongly urges the recipients to seek “perfectionâ€
(teleioth"). “By this timeâ€, the author says in Heb 5,12, the recipients
v
ought to be teachers — which however they are not. He holds against
them that they still need milk, not solid food. This, however, means that
they are still unskilled (a[peiro") and infants (nhvpio", v. 13). In
opposition to this, he continues, “solid food [hJ sterea; trofhv] is for the
mature [tevleio"]†(v. 14).
In the context of Hebrews, what the author refers to as “solid foodâ€
for the mature is the Christology particularly characteristic of Hebrews
— the view that Jesus is a priest in heaven.
1. The Sacerdotal Christology Characteristic in Hebrews
The Christology evident in Hebrews is made up of at least two
pillars(4). The first one is broadly attested in the rest of the NT literature
as well, namely the idea that Jesus is God’s son. The second pillar,
however, is the view that Jesus is a high priest who once for all
sacrificed himself (Heb 9,26) and who “always lives to make
intercession†(Heb 7,25).
The latter, sacerdotal Christology, is characteristic of Hebrews. In
the entire NT, the idea that Jesus continues to pray for those who
believe in him — and does so after his resurrection and ascension to
heaven — is found only a handful of places (5). In Rom 8,34, Paul
explicitly connects Christ’s heavenly intercession with a Christological
interpretation of Ps 110,1: “… It is Christ Jesus, who died, yes, who
was raised, who is at the right hand of God, who indeed intercedes for
usâ€. In other words, Paul assumes that Yahweh in the first oracle of
Psalm 110 is addressing Jesus. The words “Sit at my right hand …†(Ps
(2) E.g., using LXX Ps 109,4 and paraphrasing LXX Gen 5,22 in Heb 11,5.
(3) Neither with respect to the necessity of “repentance from dead works and
faith toward Godâ€, baptism, the resurrection of the dead, nor eternal judgment.
(4) See e.g., L. GOPPELT, Theologie des Neuen Testaments (UTB 850;
Göttingen 1976) 580. — Here, I will briefly also point to the fact that Hebrews
considers Jesus as Christ. Moreover, Jesus is spoken to as God (cf. Heb 1,8).
(5) D.M. HAY, Glory at the Right Hand. Psalm 110 in Early Christianity
(SBLMS 18; Nashville, TN 1973) 130-134.