Jerry A. Gladson, «Postmodernism and the Deus absconditus in Lamentations 3», Vol. 91 (2010) 321-334
Lamentations reflects the silence of God. God seemingly does not act or speak. To some, this detachment represents an absence of God; to others, a «hiddenness» of God (Deus absconditus). Analysis of Lam 3,55-57, the crux interpretum for the divine silence, suggests the q strophe may break this oppressive silence. The strophe reflects an awareness of God who speaks. God stands in the background of the whole of life for this poet, emerging only fleetingly and in ways oblique. This perspective is similar to the ambiguous, indeterminate approach to reality in postmodernism. The divine Voice thus joins other voices in Lamentations.
332 JERRY A. GLADSON
Bible. God is “God for us just in so far as we do not possess himâ€.
He alludes to expectancy such as appears in Lam 3, an anxious
“ waiting †for God that pervades Scripture 47. In this sense, Tillich’s
paradoxical description of the theologian echoes the uncertainty in
Lamentations. “Every theologian is committed and alienatedâ€, he
writes. “He is always in faith and in doubt; he is inside and outside
the theological circle. Sometimes the one side prevails, sometimes
the other; and he is never certain which side really prevails†48.
A parallel to postmodern indeterminancy and uncertainty and
Lamentations 3,55-57 may be found in the work of William De-
smond 49. Desmond wrestles with what he calls the postmodern
“ allergy to transcendenceâ€, which strips the world of “signs and
traces of the divineâ€, and absolutizes human autonomy. Con-
sequently, a modern silence about God has emerged, born not of
reverence or awe but of hostility and irritation. This bends down-
ward, Desmond claims, toward an ultimate, unbearable nihilism, yet
at the same time reopens us to the “porosity of beingâ€.
How can one speak of God in such a climate? Desmond’s
response is that we must speak of God metaxologically, that is
“ from the middleâ€, from within human experience. From this
intermediate location we cannot see the beginning, end, depth, or
heights of Being, and so have no direct access to God. Humanity
stands in an ambiguous or equivocal position with respect to the
divine. To speak of God therefore requires using images and
representations that require equivocity or an inevitable doubleness.
Naming and imaging God is necessary (otherwise the word “Godâ€
has no content) and impossible in the sense that all images
univocally fall short. We may speak of God only indirectly,
cautiously, with reticence, particularly with reference to making
claims about God. Indirect speech about God is metaphorical, a
metaφein, a “carrying betweenâ€, carrying across a gap, speaking of
Â¥
the beyond from the midst of finitude. Metaphorical speech often
P. TILLICH, Shaking the Foundations (New York 1948) 150-151.
47
P. TILLICH, Systematic Theology (Chicago, IL 1951-1965) I, 10.
48
For what follows, I draw from the analysis of William Desmond’s
49
thought in C. SIMPSON, Religion, Metaphysics, and the Postmodern. William
Desmond and John D. Caputo (Indiana Series in the Philosophy of Religion;
Bloomington, IN 2009) 91-97. Simpson gathers from Desmond’s writings a
convenient consensus of his philosophical analysis.