436 SAMANTHA JOO army was trembling behind (in the back of) Saul. Yet this presents a very positive image of Saul. Here is Saul, fearlessly standing for seven days with a band of terrified men 13. Would a Davidic historian really want to present such an image of Saul as a brave leader? This is very unlikely. Rather than translate the preposition as either indicating direction or position, it would make more sense as a “metaphorical locational sense ” 14. In other words, the army was acting “after the manner of” Saul; they were trembling like him. Though Waltke and O’Connor deal primar- ily with the expression involving Èlh (“ to walk”), this “metaphorical” sense is also evident with the verb hyh (“ to be”). Two examples are pre- sent in 1 Kgs 12,20 and Exod 23,2. The first example depicts political al- legiance whereas the latter focuses on the influence of popular per- suasion. The tribe of Judah follows the house of David in 1 Kgs 12,20 while the people are discouraged from imitating the mass in Exod 23,2. Since the verb, hyh, is merely existential, the meaning lies with the prepo- sition, which can have the meaning of “following and imitating” 15. There- fore, the political allegiance is evident with just the use of the preposition in 1 Kgs 16,22. The insurgents follow either Omri (ymr[ yrja rva μ[h) or Tibni (ynbt yrja rva μ[h) 16. Since Saul is afraid of the Philistines who had gathered at Michmash, his fear infects the army which begins to disperse from him. Granted, the people were hiding (13,6) or running away (13,7a) earlier in the narrative. The court historian would have been fully aware of the people’s fear in the story. However, a band of men, according to the historian, decides to stay with Saul despite having ample opportunity to flee. Yet one wonders why the few brave soldiers would be trembling, unless their leader is the ary, t[b, djp, lhb, rgy, rwg ttj, zgr, ≈r[, d[r, and ≈lp) occurs with the preposition, rja. This is the sense that J.P. FOKKELMAN, Narrative Art and Poetry in the 13 Books of Samuel. A Full Interpretation Based on Stylistic and Structural Analyses (Assen – Maastricht 1986) I, 36, and R. POLZIN, Samuel and the Deuteronomist. A Literary Study of the Deuteronomic History. Part Two: 1 Samuel (San Francisco, CA 1989) 120, highlight in their books. Yet this image is not consistent with the anti-Saul sentiment of the literary unit. B.K. WALTKE – M. O’CONNOR, An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew 14 Syntax (Winona Lake, IN 1990) 192. F.J. HELFMEYER, “’acharê ”, TDOT I, 204-207, especially 207. He also 15 only refers to examples of following other gods. H. SIMIAN-YOFRE, El desierto de los dioses. Teología e historia en el 16 libro de Oseas (Córdoba 1993), 86, observes in his discussion of Hos 5,8, that the preposition by itself can be translated as “a la manera de” or “siguiendo”. Consequently he translates Hos 5,8b as “En fanfarria en Betavén, segùn tu estilo [Èyrja], Benjamín!” (p. 83).