Terrance Callan, «Reading the Earliest Copies of 2 Peter», Vol. 93 (2012) 427-450
An examination of the three earliest extant copies of 2 Peter (namely those found in Papyrus 72, Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Vaticanus) is made in order to determine how the meaning of 2 Peter is affected by differences among the three copies, especially the textual variations among them. These textual variations produce significantly different understandings of Jesus in the three copies of 2 Peter, as well as other less prominent differences in meaning.
06_Biblica_1_D_Callan_Layout 1 05/11/12 12:20 Pagina 437
437
READING THE EARLIEST COPIES OF 2 PETER
of 2 Peter is apparently responding to the idea that the parousia of
Jesus has been delayed by arguing that time is different for God than
for humans. The text of P72 simply says that one day for God is like a
thousand years for humans that is like one day for God. Because what
seems like a long time to humans is a very short time to God, what
seems like a delay to humans is not a delay for God.
This is also the main point of the likely original text of the verse.
However, it not only says that one day with God is like a thousand
years, but also that a thousand years (with God) is like one day. The
text of P72 might suggest that using the formula one day = one thou-
sand years it is possible to calculate divine time. The likely original
text suggests rather that divine and human time are completely in-
commensurable. One cannot maintain that the parousia of Jesus has
been delayed not merely because a long time for humans is a short
time for God, but because divine and human time are completely dif-
ferent and no conclusion about the former can be based on the latter.
Another aspect of 2 Peter’s eschatology is presented distinctively
by P72 in 3,10. Here the text of P72 says that gh kai ta en auth
erga eureqhsetai luomena (the earth and the works on it will be
discovered dissolved) while the likely original text does not include
the last word — luomena (dissolved). The meaning of the likely ori-
ginal text is unclear; I suggest that the author is thinking that escha-
tological fire will destroy all injustice and only the just will remain,
having thus been revealed. By adding the word luomena, the text
of P72 clarifies this statement as meaning that the earth and the works
on it will be dissolved along with the elements that, it has just been
said, will be dissolved.
II. Codex Sinaiticus
Codex Sinaiticus, like Codex Vaticanus to be discussed below,
is a parchment codex. Its pages are 15 ̋ ×13.5 ̋ with four columns on
each page and 47 lines per column. Presumably this large book was
intended for public reading in the church. Also like Codex Vati-
canus, Codex Sinaiticus is a biblical codex. It is assumed that it
contained the entire Old Testament even though the first part of the
Old Testament, namely Genesis to 1 Chronicles is now missing.
The codex contains the entire New Testament along with two writ-
ings not now considered part of the New Testament, namely the