07_Biblica_AN_Rogland_Layout 1 01/04/14 12:05 Pagina 120 120 MAX ROGLAND This sense may also occur with l[ in 4,14, although in this instance the meaning of the preposition may be “by” or “alongside”: Zech 4,14 “These are the two sons of oil who stand by/before (l[ ~ydm[h) the Lord of the whole earth” 15. Total synonymy is a rare phenomenon in any language, however, and hence one is at the very least justified in wondering whether there is a distinction intended between l[ bcyth and ynpl dm[, particularly when both of these expressions occur within such a relatively close context. A closer examination of the lexica reveals that they adduce merely a handful of examples to demonstrate the equivalence of l[ bcyth and ynpl bcyth when used with a personal object. In addition to Zech 6,5, the only examples cited typically consist of Job 1,5; 2,1, and 2 Chr 11,13. One vitally important example that has been overlooked in the discus- sion, however, is Ps 2,2: Ps 2,2 “The kings of the earth take their stand (wbcyty), and the rulers sat (wdswn) 16 [for counsel] together, against (l[) YHWH and against (l[) His anointed”. In this case I would argue that wxyvm-l[w hwhy-l[ does double-duty as a complement both to the verb dsy (or dws) as well as bcyth 17. What is particularly noteworthy in this example is that the syntagm l[ bcyth quite clearly connotes an attitude or act of rebellion against a personal object (viz., YHWH and His anointed) 18. In light of this example it is worth not- ing that others have occasionally suggested that l[ bcyth has an antag- onistic sense elsewhere. In his comments on Job 1,6, for example, Rashi argued that l[ bcyth indicates a rebellious, quarrelsome stance towards YHWH on the part not only of the Satan but also, apparently, of the entire angelic assembly 19. In Job 2,1 Gordis maintains that the syntagm has “the 15 Cf. HALLASCHKA, Haggai und Sacharja 1–8, 255, n. 594. On the root derivation of dws vs. dsy, see e.g. H.-J. KRAUSS, Psalmen 16 (BKAT; Neukirchen 1961) I, 11; HALAT II, 399. I prefer the latter option (so BDB, 414). 17 Pace C.A. BRIGGS, The Book of Psalms (ICC; Edinburgh 1907) I, 18, who claims that wbcyty is used absolutely here. The verb bcyth occurs so fre- quently with l[ that it is very natural to view wxyvm-l[w hwhy-l[ as a com- plement to it in this instance. bcyth has a militaristic connotation in other contexts as well; cf. BDB, 18 426; GESENIUS – BUHL, Handwörterbuch, 312. 19 Cf. STEAD (Intertextuality of Zechariah 1–8, 87, 208, 214), who discerns multiple intertextual references to Job 1–2 in the visions of Zechariah 1 and 6.