01_AzuelosVoltaggio_161_178_copia_161_178 10/07/15 11:33 Pagina 178 178 YAACOV AZUELOS – FRANCESCO GIOSUÈ VOLTAGGIO 178 In this sense, Targum Jonathan reinforces the ideal of the “wise scholar” (~kx dymlt) who spends his nights and days studying the Torah 56. In conclusion, it may be argued that angelological representation in the Targum Jonathan of Joshua is rather meager considering both the scant mention of angels in the Hebrew biblical text and the fact that the targumists did not insert additional angels when they were not mentioned in the Hebrew original. Yet, despite this paucity, much can be learned about the translation of Targum Jonathan of Prophets from the rather impressive angelological portrayal in the “commander of the army of the Lord” scene. The above analysis of this scene reveals an affinity between the translation of Targum Jonathan of Joshua and that of Targum Onqelos of the Pentateuch. This affinity is apparent in the literal translation method used by Targum Jonathan, and in its refraining from naming the angel or adding a physical description, especially in contrast to the extensive targumic additions (tosaftot) 57. The targumic tosaftot are more rem- iniscent in the style of the Palestinian Targums of the Pentateuch, which expand and add much detail to the Hebrew Bible version. Multi-Disciplinary Studies Yaacov AZUELOS The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Israel Studium Theologicum Galilaeae Francesco Giosuè VOLTAGGIO Korazym, Israel SUMMARY The aim of this essay is to analyze the angelologic world of the Targum Jonathan of Joshua. The “angels” in Josh 6,25 and 7,22 are considered in the Targum as “messengers” of flesh and blood. Although “angels” as non- corporeal emissaries of God do not appear explicitly in Joshua, “the com- mander of the Lord’s army” in 5,15 is interpreted by the targumists as “an angel sent from before the Lord”. After presenting his description in the Targum, we discuss his identity and mission. On the basis of biblical, pseudepigraphal and targumic sources, we claim that the angel is Michael. 56 Cf. ROFÉ, “Joshua”, 343. 57 See KASHER, “The Aramaic Targums”, 89.