Thomas Tops, «Whose Truth? A Reader-Oriented Study of the Johannine Pilate and John 18,38a», Vol. 97 (2016) 395-420
This contribution investigates the role of the reader in character studies of the Johannine Pilate. It contends that every characterization of Pilate is determined by narrative gaps, because they give occasion for different ways of interpreting Pilate’s words and deeds. The potential meaning of the text is always actualized by our act of interpretation. This revelatory dimension of the text is valuable in itself, and therefore should be considered as a secondary criterion for evaluating interpretations of the Johannine Pilate. In the second part of this contribution, we illustrate how this can be done for Pilate’s question of truth.
WHoSe TRUTH? A ReADeR-oRIeNTeD STUDy 415
Johannine avlh,qeia is not exclusivistic like köstenberger’s, it shares the
same outcome, namely the obliteration of the revelatory process of the
event of avlh,qeia.
3. avlh,qeia as a paroimi,a
J. Heath agrees with kowalski that 18,38a points out that Pilate is
missing something fundamental which would have enabled him to hear
Jesus’ voice 64. yet, for Heath, this does not imply that Jesus and Pilate
are involved in a struggle between the power of truth and the truth of
power. According to Heath, Pilate’s question of truth “highlights the
hermeneutical issues at stake concerning the relationship between ‘truth’
and linguistic forms” 65. This is ultimately so for Heath, because John
uses paroimi,ai (“hidden sayings”) to describe his project (16,25; cf. 10,6).
John uses these paroimi,ai to deny the truth to “those who listen only to
the words”, that is, to those who take truth for granted and do not ac-
knowledge it as the result of a revelatory process 66. paroimi,ai accomplish
this, according to Heath, because they refer the reader to his/her own ac-
tivity of interpretation, and leave the reader to his/her responsibility to
hear Jesus’ voice, and so to figure out what “truth” is. In Heath’s view,
this is also the reason why John underscores “the limitations of the writ-
ten text, which cannot contain everything about Jesus (John 20,30-31;
21,25)” 67. The words of this text are veiled sayings that challenge the
reader to an exegesis that is a progression of Jesus’ own exegetical ac-
tivity (1,18: cf. evxhgh,sato). Consequently, the reader necessarily needs
to ask what truth is, because reading the text necessarily implies thinking
about the relationship between “truth” and linguistic forms. 18,38a di-
rects the reader to do this, and to unveil John’s paroimi,ai. The reader
takes an active part in the revelatory process that takes place in the act
of interpretation. As such, s/he continues Jesus’ exegetical and revelatory
activity. Pilate’s question of truth triggers this for the reader.
According to Heath, paroimi,ai have their most condensed form in
Jesus’ evgw, eivmi-sayings. With these sayings Jesus exposes the reader
to “a different network of signifiers and grammar of ‘truth’, distinct
from the worldly, political meaning” 68. Pilate’s truth question makes
64
J. HeATH, “«you Say that I Am a king» (John 18.37)”, JSNT 34 (2011-12)
232-253, here 245.
65
HeATH, “you Say”, 250.
66
HeATH, “you Say”, 250.
67
HeATH, “you Say”, 250.
68
HeATH, “you Say”, 250.