Thomas Tops, «Whose Truth? A Reader-Oriented Study of the Johannine Pilate and John 18,38a», Vol. 97 (2016) 395-420
This contribution investigates the role of the reader in character studies of the Johannine Pilate. It contends that every characterization of Pilate is determined by narrative gaps, because they give occasion for different ways of interpreting Pilate’s words and deeds. The potential meaning of the text is always actualized by our act of interpretation. This revelatory dimension of the text is valuable in itself, and therefore should be considered as a secondary criterion for evaluating interpretations of the Johannine Pilate. In the second part of this contribution, we illustrate how this can be done for Pilate’s question of truth.
416 THoMAS ToPS
the reader attentive to the different possibilities of interpretation, be-
cause it encourages “close attention to the words about himself that
Jesus put on Pilate’s lips”, namely: su. le,geij o[ti basileu,j eivmi evgw,.
eivj tou/to... (18,37) 69. We remark that Heath changed the punctuation
of the Nestle Aland-edition, and as a result an evgw, eivmi-saying comes
out of it: basileu,j eivmi evgw, 70. In this way, “the reference to ‘kingship’
resonates with the Johannine usage of evgw, eivmi” 71, and “the syntactic
and verbal similarities between them encourage hearing them together,
and listening to the interrelationships between them” 72. This is so
because, according to Heath:
By the time Jesus reaches the praetorium [...] the phrase evgw, eivmi has
become familiar to readers of John’s Gospel as one that is richly im-
bued with connotations of God’s self-declaration in Deutero-Isaiah and
Deut. 32,39. When Jesus observes, su. le,geij o[ti basileu,j eivmi evgw,, it
is plausible that the back to front evgw, eivmi may evoke its significance
in the rest of the Gospel 73.
The reversed order of eivmi evgw, does not impede the evocation
of the meaning of evgw, eivmi. From this, Heath infers that 18,38a is a
hermeneutical trigger with a range that is much broader than the direct
context of 18,36-38, namely that it prompts the reader to question the
relation between “truth” and the language of all the evgw, eivmi-sayings
that preceded it.
The question of whether this broadening of the scope of 18,38a is
justified depends on the meaning assigned to the words that introduce
basileu,j eivmi evgw,. According to Heath, we can derive from this expres-
sion that Jesus does not “in words affirm or deny what Pilate says; he
leaves it as a statement that Pilate says, or that he says Pilate says” 74.
Heath observes correctly that 19,21 points out that it is unclear who it is
69
HeATH, “you Say”, 244.
70
For the argumentation Heath presents in support of this alternative punctu-
ation, see HeATH, “you Say”, 232-246. In Nestle Aland 28 we find: su. le,geij o[ti
basileu,j eivmiÅ evgw. eivj tou/to... Notwithstanding her text-critical, tradition-critical,
redaction-critical, and literary arguments to defend it, one has to admit that Heath’s
proposal of the punctuation of 18,37 is somewhat arbitrary, with its main support
found only in the Byzantine text (Su. le,geij° o[ti basileu,j eivmi evgw,) Ev gw. eivj tou/to
gege,nnhmai)))). Consequently, her interpretation is a possible one, yet not the most
probable from a textual point of view.
71
HeATH, “you Say”, 240.
72
HeATH, “you Say”, 247.
73
HeATH, “you Say”, 248.
74
HeATH, “you Say”, 249.