Reflexive Pronouns in New Testament 59 what conditions is it reflexive in form and under what conditions does it remain a personal pronoun in form. Because of the limitations of space, I will only be able to suggest a few patterns and explanations. Syntactic Constraints on Reflexives In the NT, virtually any clause-mate pronoun may be reflexive. Occasionally, a full noun will be in a position where a pronoun is expect- ed, especially in a very long sentence where the antecedent might be oth- erwise unclear. The reflexive may be directly governed by the VP or it may be governed by an NP or PP. If governed by the VP or PP it will almost never be the personal pronoun 18. Phil 2:23 and Phil 3:21 are the only exceptions in Paul that I know of 19. If the pronoun is governed directly by another NP (possessive geni- tive), it may be either reflexive or personal. But the comparative genitive is always reflexive. Curiously, if the pronoun is governed by a PP that is in turn governed by a NP, then it will always be reflexive in Paul. Thus, it seems that the use of reflexives is normally subject to syntactic constraints and that other considerations normally enter in only in the case of geni- tive NP’s that are governed by other NP’s. Rule 7 In the Pauline letters, if a pronoun is co-referent with the subject of its clause then it will be reflexive in form, unless it is governed directly by a noun in which case it may be either a reflexive or personal pronoun. Non-syntactic Constraints on Reflexives In order to test for patterns in the use or non-use of reflexives when directly governed by another NP, I made a list of all such reflexives in Paul and then made a less exhaustive list for non-reflexives. Features that occurred in one list and not in the other, I assumed were relevant. Some of the fea- 18 The Gospel of Matthew especially violates this in that it frequently has a personal pronoun where it «should» be reflexive (Matt 6:19; 17:27). 19 I cite them here for reference but will not discuss them. Phil 2:23 w~ a]n afivdw ta; peri; J ejme; ... when ever I-see the concerning me ... «Whenever I see how things are with me ...» Phil 3:21 tou` duvnasqai aujto;n kai; uJpotavxai aujtw'/ ta; pavnta. (-) to-be-able him also to-subject to-him the all-things. «For him to be able to subject all things to himself.»