Patrick A. Tiller, «Reflexive Pronouns in the New Testament», Vol. 14 (2001) 43-63
The purpose of this study is to answer two basic
questions concerning reflexive and reciprocal pronouns in the New
Testament: (1) What are the syntactic constraints on reflexives, that
determine when they may be used? (2) What are the semantic constraints
that determine when in fact they are used? In answering the first question
the author considers both reflexives and reciprocals and discuss the whole
NT; for the second, the author attempts to suggest answers for third
person reflexives and based only on the Pauline Epistles commonly
recognized as authentic.
Reflexive Pronouns in New Testament 49
We may now return to the problem above (p. 46) with the reflexive
whose trigger is not even in the same sentence as the reflexive. In order to
understand this sentence, the previous context must be cited.
1 Cor 10:28 ean dev ti~ uJmi`n ei]ph/ tou`to iJerovqutovn
j; ejstin, mh;
if but someone to-you says, «This sacrificed-to-a-divinity is,» not
esqiete di’
jv ekeinon to;n mhnuvsanta
j` kai; th;n
eat on-account-of that-one the one-who-informed and the
suneivdhsin.
conscience;
1 Cor 10:29 suneidhsin de; le;gw oujci; th;n eJautou` ajlla; th;n tou` eJtevrou.
v
conscience but I-say not the of-yourself but the of-the other.
Now I do not mean your own conscience but that of the other.
What is happening here is that what follows levgw (‘I mean’) «parrots»
the previous sentence and even assumes its syntax. So that the reflexive in
the «parrotted» clause has as its trigger the subject of the sentence being
parrotted. Therefore this sentence should be considered a special kind of
direct reflexive in which the trigger of the reflexive is elided.
Direct Reflexives in Subordinate Clauses
In the NT when reflexives are used in infinitival or participial clauses,
with one class of exceptions 11, the reflexive is co-referent with the unex-
pressed or underlying subject of the infinitive or participle 12. And as such
it behaves in exactly the same way as the reflexive in a main clause with a
finite verb. Frequently it will also be co-referent with the subject of the
matrix clause that governs the embedded clause. But this is not always so.
Especially in the case of participles, it is clear that the trigger is not the sub-
ject of the main clause but the underlying subject of the participial clause.
2 Cor 5:18 ta; de; pavnta ejk tou` qeou` tou`
the (nom.) but all-things (nom.) from the God the
katallaxanto~
v
one-who-reconciles
hJma`~ eJautw'/ dia; Cristou` ...
us to-himself through Christ ...
But all things are from God who reconciles us to himself
through Christ ....
11
See below under «Indirect reflexives,» pp. 51-56.
12
I am assuming that all infinitival clauses and participial clauses had a subject in
deep structure. In the case of participles this has been deleted in surface structure (except
for genitive absolutes) and in the case of infinitives the subject has either been deleted or
put into the accusative case.