Patrick A. Tiller, «Reflexive Pronouns in the New Testament», Vol. 14 (2001) 43-63
The purpose of this study is to answer two basic
questions concerning reflexive and reciprocal pronouns in the New
Testament: (1) What are the syntactic constraints on reflexives, that
determine when they may be used? (2) What are the semantic constraints
that determine when in fact they are used? In answering the first question
the author considers both reflexives and reciprocals and discuss the whole
NT; for the second, the author attempts to suggest answers for third
person reflexives and based only on the Pauline Epistles commonly
recognized as authentic.
Patrick A. Tiller
50
Here, the trigger for the reflexive is God, the underlying subject of the
participle and agent of the action of the participle. The syntax of the
matrix clause is irrelevant. Even when a participle is the subject of the
matrix clause, the trigger of the reflexive is the underlying subject of the
participle, not the participle itself.
Gal 6:8 oJ speivrwn eij~ th;n savrka eJautou` ejk th`~ sarko;~ qerivsei
the one-who-sows to the flesh of-himself from the flesh he-shall-reap
fqoravn, ...
corruption, ...
He who sows to his flesh shall reap corruption from the flesh, ....
Similar examples can be given for infinitives. In each of the following
examples, the trigger is the subject of the infinitive but not the subject of
the matrix clause.
Matt 8:22 afe~ tou;~ nekrou;~ qavyai tou;~ eJautw'n
[ nekrouv~.
let the dead bury the of-themselves dead.
Acts 26:1 epitrepetaiv soi peri; seautou` levgein.
j v
it-is-permitted to-you about yourself to-speak.
Jn 5:26 ou{tw~ kai; tw'/ uJiw'/ e[dwken zwh;n e[cein ejn eJautw'/.
so also to-the son he-gave life to-have in himself.
Acts 15:39 egeneto de; paroxusmo;~ w{ste ajpocwrisqh`nai aujtou;~ ajp’
jv
there-was but a-sharp-dispute so-that to-be-divided them from
allhlwn ...
jv
one-another ...
But there arose a sharp dispute, so that they were divided from
one another ...
Especially in the last example, it is clear that the trigger is the subject
of the infinitive and not anything in the matrix clause since there is noth-
ing in the matrix clause to correspond to the referent of the reflexive.
There is one example of a reflexive in an embedded clause with no
antecedent in its clause but which for special reasons must be considered
a direct reflexive.
Rom 1:12 touto dev ejstin sumparaklhqh`nai ejn uJmi`n dia; th`~ ejn
`
this but is to-be-encouraged-together among you through the in
ajllhvloi~ pivstew~ uJmw'n te kai; ejmou`.
each-other faith of-you both and of-me.
But that is for me to be encouraged while among you through
the faith that is in each other – both yours and mine.
The subject of the infinitive sumparaklhqh`nai is an underlying mev
(‘me’); otherwise ejn uJmi`n (‘among you’) would make little sense. The
trigger of ajllhvloi~ should be hJma`~ (‘us’) which is nowhere in the con-