Timo Flink, «Son and Chosen. A Text-critical Study of John 1,34.», Vol. 18 (2005) 85-109
John 1,34 contains a perennial textual problem. Is Jesus depicted as the
Son of God, the Chosen One of God, or something else? Previous studies
have not been able to solve this problem satisfactorily to all textual critics.
This study is a new attempt to resolve it by using a recently noted singular
reading in P75*. I argue that this reading changes the transcriptional probabilities.
It is lectio difficilior from which all other variant readings derive
due second century scribal habits. John 1,34 should read "The Chosen Son".
This affects the Johannine theology. This new reading has implications for
how to deal with some singular readings elsewhere.
86 Timo Flink
In reality the issue is not as clear-cut as this. There are eight variant
readings in this textual variation unit. This includes a recently noted
original reading of P75*, which its scribe had erased and corrected to a
better known reading. This new reading appears on the on-line New Tes-
tament transcripts prototype by Münster4. I will show that this discovery
changes the transcriptional probabilities, which play a key role in the
evaluation of this textual variation unit. This unit appears in a rather
crucial position at the beginning of the Fourth Gospel. The selection of
the variant is not of little consequence, because it affects the understand-
ing of the theology of the Fourth Evangelist5. This in turn affects the
evaluation of the intrinsic probabilities, not only in this variation unit
but elsewhere in the Fourth Gospel. I will argue that the reading chosen
for the NA27 is not what the Fourth Evangelist originally wrote. Instead,
I will argue for a singular reading found in P75* despite the fact that such
an outcome begs methodological questions. This makes the end of John
1,34 to read τι ο τ ς στιν υ ς κλεκτ ς. This reading best explains
the rise of textual variants on the basis of various scribal habits like har-
monisations and doctrinal considerations. I will argue that attention to
singular readings may still be needed to solve some perennial problems
and such readings should not be tossed out of the airlock at first sight.
“Standard†Proposals
First I will give a brief description of previous proposals. What fol-
lows is not an exhaustive but a representative treatment of the scholarly
opinions. Those, who consider υ ς το θεο as the “original†reading6,
argue for it on the basis of several reasons. It has wide external support
across all early text-types. Manuscript evidence for this reading –as given
4
See [http://nttranscripts.uni-muenster.de/Anaserver?NTtranscripts+0+start.anv], and
select John 1,34 and P75.
5
B.D. Ehrman, “The Text As Window. New Testament Manuscripts and the Social
History of Early Christianityâ€, in B.D. Ehrman and M.W. Holmes (eds), The Text of the
New Testament in Comtemporary Research. Essays on the Status Quaestionis. Festschrift
Bruce M. Metzger (SD46; Grand Rapids, MI 1995) 365.
6
See, e.g., R. Bultmann, Das Evangelium des Johannes (Göttingen 1978) 64; E.
Haenchen, Das Johannesevangelium. Ein Kommentar (Tübingen 1980) 168-69; B.M.
Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the New Testament, 2d ed. (Stuttgart 1994) 172; G.R.
Beasley-Murray, John, 2d ed. (WBC 36; London 1999) 21; B. Aland, “Der textkritische
und textgeschictliche Nutzen früher Papyri, demonstriert am Johannesevangeliumâ€, in W.
Weren and D.-A. Koch, Recent Developments in Textual Criticism. New Testament, Other
Early Christian and Jewish Literature. Papers Read at a NOSTER Conference in Münster,
January 4-6, 2001 (Assen 2003) 34; C.S. Keener, The Gospel of John. A Commentary (Pea-
body, MA 2003) I, 464-65.