Timo Flink, «Son and Chosen. A Text-critical Study of John 1,34.», Vol. 18 (2005) 85-109
John 1,34 contains a perennial textual problem. Is Jesus depicted as the
Son of God, the Chosen One of God, or something else? Previous studies
have not been able to solve this problem satisfactorily to all textual critics.
This study is a new attempt to resolve it by using a recently noted singular
reading in P75*. I argue that this reading changes the transcriptional probabilities.
It is lectio difficilior from which all other variant readings derive
due second century scribal habits. John 1,34 should read "The Chosen Son".
This affects the Johannine theology. This new reading has implications for
how to deal with some singular readings elsewhere.
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Son and Chosen. A Text-critical Study of John 1,34
If P5 supported υ ς το θεο with nomina sacra, the line appears to
be a bit short and this could indicate that the papyrus read κλεκτ ς
as many scholars have argued (including editio princeps). However, after
looking at a photograph of P5, I came to the conclusion that the selec-
κλεκτ ς is problematic. If P5 supported the longer reading,
tion of
κλεκτ ς would have been written in full. As such the line appears to be
a bit too long to fit. The lines are relatively of equal length. The editors
of the IGNTP have reconstructed the line to read oyiostoyUY, the best
match lengthwise. Since P5 preserves only John 1.23-31.33-40; 16,14-30;
20,11-17.19-20.22-25, there is no way to know how its scribe used nomen
sacrum for Ï… Ï‚, but it seems unlikely that the scribe would use it only
for το θεο . There is an empty space visible between stoyUY and the
next three letters the, which ends the line. This empty space serves as a
paragraph marker. It can hold up to two letters, as the letters ai in the
next line of the manuscript shows. With this kind of gap the line is close
to the average length of the other lines, assuming the shorter reading with
nomina sacra is what the papyrus read. With such a gap it is unlikely that
κλεκτ ς could fit the line. What follows is my adaptation of the recon-
struction of P5 taken from the IGNTP and checked against Comfort’s
reconstruction26. I have supplied the same reconstruction with κλεκτ ς
to show that the length of the lines slightly favours oYs?toyUY.
The Son of God length
καταβαινονκαιμεν]onepay[τον 25
ουτοςεςτινοβαπτιζ]vnenP[νιαγ 26
ιωκαγωεωÏακακαιμεμ]artyrhkao 27
τιουτοςεςτινου8]StoyUY the 23 (+2 gap = 25)
παυÏιονειςτηκειοιωαν]nhskai ek 28
The Chosen One of God length
καταβαινονκαιμεν]onepay[τον 25
ουτοςεςτινοβαπτιζ]vnenP[νιαγ 26
ιωκαγωεωÏακακαιμεμ] artyrhkao 27
τιουτοςεςτινοεκλεκτο] StoyUY the 29 (+2 gap = 31)
παυÏιονειςτηκειοιωαν] nhskai ek 28
26
Elliott and Parker, The New Testament in Greek IV, 13; Comfort and Barrett, The
Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts, 75. Comfort disagrees with the edi-
tors of IGNTP in his recent publication. He argues that the decision to print oyiostoyUY is
wrong. I agree with this estimation, but I also disagree with Comfort’s own reconstruction.
It should be noted that the IGNTP reconstruction is possible, because some scribes were not
consistent with the use of nomen sacrum. For example, the scribes of P46, P66 and P75 wrote
Ï… Ï‚ both with and without nomen sacrum. I disagree with the IGNTP on the grounds that
this was a passing phenomenon and most of the biblical manuscripts exhibit a consistency
in the use of nomen sacrum. See Comfort, Encountering the Manuscripts, 119, 337.