Timo Flink, «Son and Chosen. A Text-critical Study of John 1,34.», Vol. 18 (2005) 85-109
John 1,34 contains a perennial textual problem. Is Jesus depicted as the
Son of God, the Chosen One of God, or something else? Previous studies
have not been able to solve this problem satisfactorily to all textual critics.
This study is a new attempt to resolve it by using a recently noted singular
reading in P75*. I argue that this reading changes the transcriptional probabilities.
It is lectio difficilior from which all other variant readings derive
due second century scribal habits. John 1,34 should read "The Chosen Son".
This affects the Johannine theology. This new reading has implications for
how to deal with some singular readings elsewhere.
98 Timo Flink
he is not going to the feast in Jerusalem when in fact he does so31. None of
these changes, doctrinal or apologetic, mean that John 1,34 has to suffer
from corruption but they render the reading υ ς το θεο suspect as
an anti-Adoptionistic change. Such an alteration would be in harmony
with scribal habits in P66.
P75 as a Textual Witness
Traditionally P75 has been listed as supporting υ ς το θεο . This
is now known to be its corrected reading. The original scribe of P75 wrote
κλεκτος with nomen sacrum, a singular reading, not υ ς
Ï…Ï‚
το θεο , as the critical editions and Text und Textwert claim. The scribe
then erased κλεκτ ς and wrote το θεο with nomen sacrum instead.
Letters tos are still visible before the initial letters of the next words,
Ï„ πα Ïιον, and there are traces of the two epsilons32. The corrected
reading is shorter (toyUY instead of eklektos). This has produced a
gap with tos visible. Thus, originally the text had a significant singular
reading υ ς κλεκτ ς. The reading υ ς το θεο should now be
marked as P75c. What follows are my arguments why υ ς κλεκτ ς is
not a scribal blunder.
Is it possible that the scribe of P75 attempted to write υ ς κλεκτ ς
το θεο , whose equivalent is found in some early Latin, Syriac and im-
portant Coptic (Sahidic) witnesses, and accidentally omitted το θεο ?33.
Scribes, who copied the early papyri, were generally more prone to omit
than to add, so υ ς κλεκτος could be a shortened version of υ ς
κλεκτ ς το θεο . It is a possibility, because there are several singular
readings, some significant, based on omissions in the early papyri contain-
ing portions of the Fourth Gospel34. The papyrus P75 has twice as many
31
Kannaday, Apologetic Discourse and the Scribal Tradition, 91, 186-87. The first
διοÏθωτ Ï‚ made the change in John 4,25. I have based this identification on Comfort’s work
on the scribes, who worked with P66. See Comfort and Barrett, The Text of the Earliest New
Testament Greek Manuscripts, 381-91. See also P.W. Comfort, The Scribe as Interpreter.
A New Look at New Testament Textual Criticism according to Reader-Response Theory
(Pretoria 1996).
32
A private communication with Dr Marie-Luise Lakmann of Münster regarding the
reading and the corrector activity found in P75 in John 1,34 (January 2005).
33
It should be noted that the word order is not really an issue since it is probably a
technical detail due to a translation process. Latin witnesses read electus filius dei (a), filius
electus dei (ff2c), dei filius electus (bc).
34
E.C. Colwell, “Method in Evaluating Scribal Habits. A Study of P45, P66, P75â€, in idem,
Studies in Methodology in Textual Criticism of the New Testament (NTTS 9; Leiden 1969)
106-24; Royse, “Scribal Tendencies in the Transmission of the Text of the New Testamentâ€,
239-52; P.M. Head, “Observations on Early Papyri of the Synoptic Gospels, especially on
the ‘Scribal Habits’â€, Bib 71 (1990) 240-47; idem, “The Habits of New Testament Copyists.
Singular Readings in the Early Fragmentary Papyri of Johnâ€, Bib 85 (2004) 399-408.