Timo Flink, «Son and Chosen. A Text-critical Study of John 1,34.», Vol. 18 (2005) 85-109
John 1,34 contains a perennial textual problem. Is Jesus depicted as the
Son of God, the Chosen One of God, or something else? Previous studies
have not been able to solve this problem satisfactorily to all textual critics.
This study is a new attempt to resolve it by using a recently noted singular
reading in P75*. I argue that this reading changes the transcriptional probabilities.
It is lectio difficilior from which all other variant readings derive
due second century scribal habits. John 1,34 should read "The Chosen Son".
This affects the Johannine theology. This new reading has implications for
how to deal with some singular readings elsewhere.
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Son and Chosen. A Text-critical Study of John 1,34
singular readings by omissions as P66, which some view as a product of a
careless scribe35. However, the lack of το θεο in P75 is hardly accidental
as there are no clear reasons for haplography – except fatigue perhaps.
Is it intentional? The scribe of P75 omitted articles (12 cases), pronouns
(9 cases), conjunctions (9 cases), verbs (twice) and nouns (twice). Seven
times he omitted more than one word and each time the result is a sensical
text36. None of them applies directly to my study, though one could argue
that with the omission the text in John 1,34 is still sensical, albeit a bit
awkward. The scribe of P66 omitted the second occurrence of το θεο in
John 11,4, so this kind of omission is not unheard of, but it is extremely
rare. Furthermore, that omission is a harmonisation to context, which
does not apply to John 1,34. Therefore, it seems unlikely that the reading
in P75* is a shortened form of υ ς κλεκτ ς το θεο , accidental or
intentional. This leads to the question did the scribe invent the reading by
harmonizing it to some Synoptic parallel?
The scribe of P75 may have conformed John 1,34 to Luke 9,35. Luke
reads υ ς μου κλελεκμεν ς (P45 P75 01 B L Ξ 579 892 1241 pc latmss
syrs,h-mss cop) or υ ς μου κλεκτ ς (Θ f1 22* pc). This is the closest
parallel in the entire New Testament to the variant found in John 1,34.
The reading in Luke 23,35 – χÏιστ Ï‚ το θεο κλεκτ ς– is not close
enough. Neither is the reading υ ς μου γαπητ ς found in Synoptic
parallels (Mark 1,11; Matt 3,17; Luke 3,22), because its meaning is differ-
ent, and it is God who speaks such words, not John the Baptist.
Mikeal C. Parsons has noted some cross-harmonisations between the
text of the Third and the Fourth Gospels in P75, mainly in the resurrec-
tion narratives of the Third and the Fourth Gospels, made by the scribe
for Christological reasons to combat Adoptionistic views. Philip W. Com-
fort has also noted three harmonisations to Matthew: Luke 8,21 to Matt
12,46-50, Luke 10,24 to Matt 13,17 and John 6,5 to Matt 14,15 (and/or
Mark 6,36). Thus, occasionally the scribe of P75 did rewrite his text37. It
would thus be possible that he harmonized John 1,34 to Luke 9,35. In
fact, this option seems attractive just because of the cross-harmonisa-
tions in P75. What speaks against this, however, is the fact that Ï… Ï‚
κλεκτ ς is found nowhere else in the Fourth Gospel, or κλεκτ ς for
35
Royse, “Scribal Tendencies in the Transmission of the Text of the New Testamentâ€,
246; Comfort and Barrett, The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts,
382.
36
J.R. Royse, Scribal Habits in Early Greek New Testament Papyri (Ann Arbor 1981)
546-47. All of these omissions are intentional.
37
M.C. Parsons, “A Christological Tendency in P75â€, JBL 105 (1986) 463-79; Comfort
and Barrett, The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts, 504.