Paul Danove, «Verbs of Transference and Their Derivatives of Motion and State in the New Testament: a Study of Focus and Perspective.», Vol. 19 (2006) 53-71
This article identifies 102 New Testament verbs that designate
transference and describes alternative usages of these verbs as derivates of
motion and state. The discussion first considers the manner in which verbs
grammaticalize the event of transference by assuming a particular focus
and perspective on its elements and by indicating the degree of affectedness
of the subject. The study then develops the usages of motion and state in
terms of the exclusion of elements of the event of transference and changes
in focus and perspective. A concluding discussion summarizes the results of
the investigation.
68 Paul Danove
3.3. Active Intransitive Usage of Motion
Three verbs focus on the initiation of the event of motion, assume the
perspective in which the Agent and Source are coincident, and exclude
the Goal of motion and provide no mechanism for its retrieval. This focus
requires that the verbs use active forms; this perspective permits the
verbs to omit direct consideration of the coincident Source, which may
be retrieved from the Agent; and this exclusion permits the verbs to raise
only the Agent to the status of a required verbal argument. This usage is
intransitive because the verb requires only one argument. The resulting
active usage of Motion from a Source (#13 on chart) is secondary because
it provides no mechanism for retrieving the Goal19. Two verbs with this
usage designate the same quality of motion as the usages of transference
but require translation by general English verbs with adverbs: ἄγω (go
[away]) and παÏαδίδωμι (come forth [from]).
Get up, let’s go [away]! (Mark 14,42)
á¼Î³Îµá½·Ïεσθε ἄγωμεν.
The third verb, Ï€Ïοάγω (go before, precede), again anomalously
conceives the motion in relation to another entity that functions as a
Theme / Locative. This entity is raised to the status of a required argument
that must be definite when null. Thus, this verb requires two complements
and is transitive in this active usage of motion:
… according to the prophecies preceding [you] concerning you… (1 Tim
1,18)
… κατὰ Ï„á½°Ï‚ Ï€Ïοαγούσας á¼Ï€á½¶ σὲ Ï€Ïοφητείας…
4. Passive Intransitive Usage of State
Four of the 102 verbs that designate transference also designate
state. The event of state logically involves two entities: something that
is located in a place and the place itself. These entities correspond to the
Theme and Goal of transference, with the interpretation that the Goal
Technically, the active transitive secondary usage of Motion from a Source (#11)
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could be interpreted as the active intransitive secondary usage of Motion from a Source
(#13) plus a Source adjunct that would specify that the Agent and Source are not strictly
coincident. If the two constituted a single usage, the same verb would be expected to appear
sometimes with and sometimes without a Source complement. Since this never occurs, the
study maintains the distinction between the two usages.
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