Paul Danove, «Verbs of Transference and Their Derivatives of Motion and State in the New Testament: a Study of Focus and Perspective.», Vol. 19 (2006) 53-71
This article identifies 102 New Testament verbs that designate
transference and describes alternative usages of these verbs as derivates of
motion and state. The discussion first considers the manner in which verbs
grammaticalize the event of transference by assuming a particular focus
and perspective on its elements and by indicating the degree of affectedness
of the subject. The study then develops the usages of motion and state in
terms of the exclusion of elements of the event of transference and changes
in focus and perspective. A concluding discussion summarizes the results of
the investigation.
Verbs of Transference and their Derivatives of Motion and State... 67
(scatter) / διασπείÏομαι (scatter); διασῴζω (bring safely) / διασῴζομαι
(go safely); á¼Ï€Î±á½·Ïω; (raise up) / á¼Ï€Î±á½·Ïομαι (rise up); á¼Ï€Î¹ÏƒÏ…νάγω (bring
together, gather) / á¼Ï€Î¹ÏƒÏ…νάγομαι (come together, gather); παÏαδίδωμι
(hand over) / παÏαδίδομαι (go over, surrender); Ï€Ïοστίθημι (add [in
addition]) / Ï€Ïοστίθεμαι (come [in addition]); Ï€ÏοσφέÏω (present)
/ Ï€ÏοσφέÏομαι (come); σκοÏπίζω (scatter) / σκοÏπίζομαι (scatter);
συνάγω (bring together, gather) / συνάγομαι (come together, gather);
and φέÏω (lead, bring) / φέÏομαι (lead, go).
(Act. Trans.) And raising the foresail into the blowing [wind]… (Acts 27,40)
καὶ á¼Ï€á½±Ïαντες τὸν á¼€Ïτέμωνα τῇ πνεούσῃ…
(Pass. Mot.) And every pretension rising against the knowledge of God… (2
Cor 10,6)
καὶ πᾶν ὕψωμα á¼Ï€Î±Î¹Ïόμενον κατὰ τῆς γνώσεως τοϋ θεοῦ…
The other two verbs specialize the conception of the event to motion
across the sea [by boat] and reference complementary elements of the
event, departure and arrival: ἀνάγομαι (set out, set sail, depart [by boat])
and κατάγομαι (arrive [by boat]):
But we, going ahead to the boat, set sail for / to Assos (Acts 20,13)
ἡμεῖς δὲ Ï€Ïοελθόντες á¼Ï€á½¶ το πλοῖον ἀνήχθημεν á¼Ï€á½¶ τὴν Ἆσσον
And arriving at Syracuse, we stayed for three days (Acts 28,12)
καὶ καταχθέντες εἰς ΣυÏακούσας á¼Ï€ÎµÎ¼Îµá½·Î½Î±Î¼ÎµÎ½ ἡμέÏας Ï„Ïεῖς.
The passive usage of motion is identical in form to the passive voice of
the correlate active usage of transference when the Agent is omitted (by
Passivization) and to the correlate passive usage of transference. Verbs
admit to interpretation in the passive usages of motion only when the
passive verb does not lexically realize an alternative Agent or Instrument,
the greater context does not recommend an entity other than the verbal
subject as Agent, and the subject typically may function as an Agent or, in
the context, is granted the attributes of an Agent. When these conditions
are met, the clauses admit to a three-fold polysemous interpretation:
And thus it happened that all were brought safely onto the land (Acts
27,44)
And thus it happened that all brought themselves safely onto the land
And thus it happened that all came safely onto the land
καὶ οὓτως á¼Î³á½³Î½ÎµÏ„ο πάντας διασωθῆναι á¼Ï€á½¶ τὴν γῆν.
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