Wim J.C. Weren, «The Macrostructure of Matthew’s Gospel: A New Proposal», Vol. 87 (2006) 171-200
The weakness of the proposals concerning the macrostructure of Matthew’s
Gospel made by Bacon and Kingsbury is that they depart from rigid caesuras,
whilst a typical characteristic of the composition of this Gospel is the relatively
smooth flow of the story. On the basis of the discovery that the various
topographical data are clustered together by means of three refrains we can
distinguish three patterns in the travels undertaken by Jesus. This rather coarse
structure is further refined with the use of Matera’s and Carter’s distinction
between kernels and satellites. Kernels are better labelled as “hinge texts”. The
following pericopes belong to this category: 4,12-17; 11,2-30; 16,13-28; 21,1-17;
26,1-16. Each of them marks a turning point in the plot and has a double function:
a hinge text is not only fleshed out in the subsequent pericopes but also refers to
the preceding block. It is especially these “hinge texts” that underline the
continuity of Matthew’s narrative and should prevent us from focussing too much
on alleged caesuras.
180 Wim J.C. Weren
e.g. 11,2). The caption in 16,21 anticipates events that are not
extensively elaborated until the passion narrative and hardly covers the
content of 16,21–25,46.
(2) The substantive correspondence between the caption of 4,17
and the summaries in part II (4,23-25; 9,35; 11,1b) is only relative. The
summaries regularly have didavskein and khruvssein; however, 4,17
has khruvssein and levgein. Furthermore, the summaries also mention
Jesus’ acts, especially his healings (qerapeuvw). Even more
importantly, these summaries do not occur after 11,1b whereas part II
does not end until 16,20. To a lesser degree, this same objection
applies to the relation between the caption in 16,21 and the passion
predictions in 17,22-23 and 20,17-19. If, following Slater, 26,2 is also
added to this series, the passion predictions are more or less evenly
spread over part III.
(3) Kingsbury describes 4,17–16,20 as “the ministry of Jesus to
Israel and Israel’s repudiation of Jesusâ€. It bears witness to little
feeling for nuance that Kingsbury lumps together the Jewish leaders
and the people under the all-encompassing term “Israel†and that he
speaks of a negative reaction of the entire Jewish people to Jesus’
words and deeds.
3. The Macrostructure of Matthew’s Gospel: A New Solution
In this section, I will present a new proposal concerning the
macrostructure of the Gospel according to Matthew, with the starting
point that this gospel is a narrative text, a story about Jesus. The
narrator offers his main character ample opportunity to speak. These
sections are to be considered as character’s text and are as such
embedded in the narrator’s text. The same goes for the five discourses
held by Jesus that the narrator, judging by his concluding formula,
presents as textual units. We must do justice to these units when
answering the question which sub-structures can be recognised in the
book. Nonetheless, these do not themselves present us with the key to
the determination of the macrostructure.
In this section, I will take a closer look at a number of textual
phenomena that have a structuring function. I will begin by discussing
a characteristic that the Gospel according to Matthew has in common
with every other narrative text: the events related take place in a
certain temporal and spatial setting (a and b). Assuming the distinction
between “kernels†and “satellitesâ€, I will step by step develop a new
solution (c-g).