D.W. Kim, «What Shall We Do? The Community Rules of Thomas in the ‘Fifth Gospel’», Vol. 88 (2007) 393-414
This article argues for the diversity of early Christianity in terms of religiocultural communities. Each early Christian group, based on a personal revelation of leadership and the group’s socio-political milieu, maintained its own tradition (oral, written, or both) of Jesus for the continuity and prosperity of the movement. The leaders of early Christianity allowed outsiders to become insiders in the condition where the new comers committed to give up their previous religious attitude and custom and then follow the new community rules. The membership of the Thomasine group is not exceptional in this case. The Logia tradition of P. Oxy. 1, 654.655, and NHC II, 2. 32: 10-51: 28 in the context of community policy will prove the pre-gnostic peculiarity of the creative and independent movement within the Graeco-Roman world.
What Shall We Do? The Community Rules 401
community, in that the disciples (including the Thomas members)
cannot be accepted by God on the basis of outward obedience, unless
their internal attitude is right (45). The view of the bridegroom leaving
“p•numƒvn (the bridal chamber)†(46) in which the meaningful
practices of fasting and praying are advised, confirms that the faithful
fasting and prayer are still effective and useful in the community of
Thomas.
Keeping the “sab´baton (Sabbath)†(47), seems to have a positive
perspective in the policy, if one reads the Logion 27b as demanding the
celebration of the Jewish Sabbath in recollecting the traditional
custom. But since the Sabbath observation is related to the apodosis
clause of “seeing p•eivt (the Father)â€, the futuristic saying of the
Sabbath should be understood as either “the seventh day†or “the entire
period of seven days†(48). Further, if the previous part, “If you do not
fast as regards the world†means a continuity, the Sabbath rule should
be treated as “all week longâ€. In this case it is plausible to accept that
“sabbativzein to; savbbaton/ eire mæ•p•sambaton næ•sab´baton
(sabbatising the Sabbath)†“symbolises abstinence from the formal
world and from the worldly values†(49). Baarda, a gnostic reader of
Thomas, who assumed the Demiurge and the world as Sabbath (50),
(45) The reverse concept of “If you do not fast as regards the world, you will
not find the kingdomâ€, means that if you indeed fast for what the world needs, the
practioner will find the kingdom or will experience what he/she was fasting for.
Attridge’s Greek word of ‘fasting as regards the world’, according to Valantasis,
can be reinterpreted as ‘fasting with respect to the world’. VALANTASIS, The
Gospel of Thomas, 40-41. MARJANEN, “Thomas and Jewish Religious Practicesâ€,
169.
(46) “But when the bridegroom leaves the bridal chamber, then let them fast
and pray†(Logion 104b). Marjanen interprets ‘p•numƒvn (the bridal chamber)’
as ‘the state a Thomasine Christian attains after having been chosen for salvation’.
Ibid., 172.
(47) “If you keep not the Sabbath as Sabbath, you will not see the Fatherâ€
(Logion 27b).
(48) Brown’s one page article is quite clear on the meaning of the Thomasine
Sabbath. P. BROWN, “The Sabbath and the Week in Thomas 27†NT 34 (1992)
193.
(49) Ptolemy’s Letter to Flora has a similar vein: “to keep the Sabbath (means)
that we desist from evil works†(Epiphanius, Panarian 33.5.12), quoted from
MARJANEN, “Thomas and Jewish Religious Practicesâ€, 177-178.
(50) See details at T. BAARDA, “‘If You not Sabbatize the Sabbath …’ The
Sabbath as God or World in Gnostic Understanding (EV. THOM., LOG. 27)â€,
Knowledge of God in the Graeco-Roman World (ed. R. VAN DEN BROEK – T.
BAARDA – J. MANSFELD (Leiden – New York – København – Köln 1988) 180-192.