Stephan Witetschek, «Artemis and Asiarchs. Some Remarks on Ephesian Local Colour in Acts 19», Vol. 90 (2009) 334-355
Luke’s account about Paul’s stay in Ephesos (Acts 19) is well known for its strong local colour, two elements of which are studied in this contribution: the asiarchs (19,31) and the title newko/roj (temple-warden) for Ephesos (19,35). The appearance of asiarchs in Acts questions the view that the asiarchs were the highpriests of the provincial imperial cult. Acts 19,35 contributes to the discussion about city-titles in the 1st-3rd centuries CE. In both instances, Acts is a source not so much for the narrated time of Paul, but rather for Luke’s own time, and as such of interest for both exegetes and historians.
340 Stephan Witetschek
Coming back to the asiarchs, this contribution is certainly not the
place for a detailed discussion of their office and identity. It may
suffice here to mention a few points and to clarify the significance of
Acts 19,31.
a) Attestation
Apart from Acts 19,31, asiarchs are attested in Strabon 14,1,42 (in
the time of Augustus), where they are specified as oiJ prwteuvonte"
kata; th;n ejparcivan. As Strabon asserts, there were always some
people (tinev") from Tralleis who held this office. One recently
published inscription, in which the inhabitants of two villages honour a
certain Ti. Claudius Damas, an asiarch and sebastophant, as “their
saviour and benefactor†(16), could be seen as evidence for an asiarch in
the early principate, since the office of a sebastophant requires a date
after 29/27 BCE, when there was a cult of the Sebastov" (Augustus) in
the province of Asia. Apart from this, however it seems hardly possible
to date this inscription with any certainty, because this asiarch “is
otherwise unknown†(17). We do know one Ti. Iulius Damas
Claudianus, who was high priest of the provincial imperial cult in
Ephesos in 90/91 CE (IvE 241), but it would be merely speculative to
assume that the two are identical and that the name Claudianus (a
reference to the emperor Tiberius’ nomen gentile before he was
adopted by Augustus in 4 CE) has been dropped. The inscription
features the full, traditional Roman name with the patronym and the
tribus (which, by the way, argues for a rather early date), and since the
inscription covers only about a fifth of the stone, there are no
limitations of space that would have necessitated a compressed
terminology.
Urchristentums (KStTh 9,2; Stuttgart 1996) II, 17-74; S.J. FRIESEN, Imperial Cults
and the Apocalypse of John. Reading Revelation in the Ruins (Oxford – New
York 2001) 122-131; S. WITETSCHEK, Ephesische Enthüllungen 1. Frühe Christen
in einer antiken Großstadt. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Frage nach den Kontexten der
Johannesapokalypse (Biblical Tools and Studies 6; Leuven – Paris – Dudley, MA
2008) 131-135.
(16) P. HERRMANN – H. MALAY, New Documents from Lydia (DÖAW.PH 340
– TAM Ergänzungsbände 24; Wien 2007) 96 (No. 68). The nomen gentile is a
conjecture; on the stone there is a lacuna into which, according to the editors,
[ΔIouvli]on fits better than [Klauvdi]on. The editors date this inscription to the 1st
century BCE, but for D. CAMPANILE (“Sommi sacerdotiâ€, 532) the name Tiberius
Iulius points rather to the 1st century CE.
(17) HERRMANN – MALAY, New Documents, 96.