434 SAMANTHA JOO and his battle against the Philistines. Whereas Saul is a young man when he is anointed as nagid back in 1 Sam 10, he is a father of a young man himself in chapter 13. Therefore, the same historian who inserted 13,7b-15a to undermine Saul probably added 1 Sam 10,8 to set up the story in 13,7b-15a 3. As Saul waits for Samuel in vv. 7b-15a, he begins to lose control over his troops which leads to a sequence of events resulting in his downfall. Saul waits seven days for Samuel but at the end of the specified period, he does not appear. Since Saul is anxious over the loss of his men and the brooding battle, he sets out to offer the burnt and well-being offerings, the very sacrifices that Samuel had planned to offer (1 Sam 10,8). As Saul finishes presenting the burnt offering, Samuel suddenly emerges. The story as it stands without 10,8 would not be a major indictment of Saul; he is not the only king to make a burnt offering 4. However, with 10,8, Saul fails to obey Samuel’s initial command to wait until the prophet comes so that he may make the offerings. Consequently, Saul is punished; his dynasty will not be established. Many scholars have commented on the partiality of the punishment 5. From the perspective of the Davidic historian, however, Saul seals his own fate. Yet the court historian does not undermine Saul only through his supposed disobedience; he also raises question about Saul’s ability to lead. This doubt in Saul’s leadership comes up in the phrase under discussion. The Hebrew phrase, wyrja wdrj, in 1 Sam 13,7b is awkward and has therefore led to various translations. The verb, “to tremble” (drj), does not occur with the preposition, rja 6. Normally, the Qal form of the Then 1 Sam 10,7 will not be in tension with 10,8. Whereas Samuel tells 3 Saul to “do whatever you see fit to do” in v. 7, he specifies exactly what Saul needs to do in v. 8. However, according to D. JOBLING, 1 Samuel (Berit Olam; Collegeville, 4 MN 1998) 82, the text rejects Saul for making the offering; he writes, “Thou shalt not, as unauthorized personnel — even as a king — offer the burnt offering ”. Yet David also offers burnt and well-being offerings (2 Sam 6,17) without a single comment on its appropriateness. See D.M. GUNN, The Fate of King Saul. An Interpretation of a Biblical Story (JSOT 14; Sheffield 1980) 35. Consequently, Saul is rejected for disobeying Samuel’s command, not for making the offering. According to J. CHERYL EXUM, Tragedy and Biblical Narrative. Arrows 5 of the Almighty (Cambridge 1992), 40, and W.L. HUMPHREYS, The Tragic Vision and the Hebrew Tradition (OBT ; Philadelphia, PA 1985) 40-41, God is portrayed as inimical to Saul. Based on H. TIKTIN, Kritische Untersuchungen zu den Büchern Samuel 6 (Göttingen 1922) 16, HALOT 1, 350, actually translate the phrase, “to hurry after ”.